CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER CHANGES IN MATTER

 Anything that has mass and occupies space  All matter is composed of atoms  Atom:  Extremely small chemically indivisible particle  Atom is Greek for “that which cannot be divided” An atom cannot be divided and retain it’s chemical properties

 Element: any substance that cannot be broken up into simpler substances by chemical means Element  silver, copper, hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen  Compound: a substance formed when atoms of two or more elements join together  H 2 0 (water), CO 2 (carbon dioxide)  Mixture: a material of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other and can be separated  Blood: water-based mixture including Proteins, sugars, salt, oxygen, carbon dioxide

 Properties of matter are distinguishing characteristics of a substance that are used in its identification and description  Chemical properties  Physical properties

 Characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing substance into another substance  Color  Odor  Taste  Size  Physical state (liquid, gas, or solid)  Boiling point  Melting point  Density

 Characteristic of a substance that describes how substances react with other substances such as water, air or fire to form a new substance  Digestion  Combustion  Photosynthesis

Solar Energy + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + chemical (heat) energy Carbon Dioxide Water Carbohydrate or Sugar Oxygen

 Chemical changes  involve formation of a new substance  Physical changes occur when a substance changes  color, size, shape, temperature or state  States of matter: solid, liquid, gas  Often physical changes can occur because a chemical change has happened!!!! Examples : pH indicator, bruised fruit, combustion of hydrogen

 SOLID  Holds shape  Fixed volume  LIQUID  Indefinite shape  definite volume  GAS  Indefinite shape  Indefinite volume

 Plasma  The fourth state  Gas that is so hot that it has ionized The gas is electrically charged and is affected by magnetic and electric fields Sun’s corona

 Melting:  solid to liquid  Freezing:  liquid to solid  Evaporation:  liquid to gas  Condensation:  gas to liquid  Sublimination:  solid to gas

 Can rocks melt?  Yes, if it gets hot enough  So, what determines states of matter?  Temperature  & Pressure