1. The Organization of Matter
Mixtures:
a) Homogeneous (Solutions)
b) Heterogeneous
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds
Atoms
Nucleus
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Quarks
Quarks

2. Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another
Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun.

3. Properties of Matter
Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present.
Volume
Mass
Energy Content (think Calories!)
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.
Melting point
Boiling point
Density

4. Separation of a Mixture
The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means.

5. Separation of a Mixture
The components of dyes such as ink may be separated by paper chromatography.

6. Separation of a Mixture by Distillation

7. Separation of a Compound The Electrolysis of water
Compounds must be separated by chemical means.
With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements
Reactant  Products
Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen
2 H2O  H O2