1. Describing Matter Physical Properties -characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. Examples: Physical State, Texture, Color, Shape, Hardness, Flexibility,dissolves in water, luster,etc. Physical Properties -characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. Examples: Physical State, Texture, Color, Shape, Hardness, Flexibility,dissolves in water, luster,etc.

2. Physical Properties/Changes ◊Some Examples:

3. Chemical Properties/Changes - a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances ◊Flammability(Combustion) ◊Ability to React (Oxidation/Tarnishing) ◊Electrolysis ◊Flammability(Combustion) ◊Ability to React (Oxidation/Tarnishing) ◊Electrolysis

4. Chemical Properties/Changes ◊Some examples

5. Identify the following as a physical or chemical change in matter ◊Freezing water ◊A rusting nail ◊Burning a log ◊Digesting food ◊A chameleon changing color ◊Melting cheese ◊Freezing water ◊A rusting nail ◊Burning a log ◊Digesting food ◊A chameleon changing color ◊Melting cheese

6. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures ◊An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances. The basic particle of an element is an atom. Ex: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Helium (He) ◊When atoms combine they form a chemical bond (the force of attraction between two atoms). ◊Molecules are groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. ◊An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances. The basic particle of an element is an atom. Ex: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Helium (He) ◊When atoms combine they form a chemical bond (the force of attraction between two atoms). ◊Molecules are groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

7. Compounds vs. Mixtures ◊A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. Ex: C0 2 or H 2 0 ◊A mixture is made of two or more substances (elements, compounds, or both) that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined. ◊Heterogeneous mixture - different parts of the mixture can be seen easily Ex. soil, salad, trail mix ◊Homogeneous mixture – evenly mixed that different parts can’t be seen Ex. milk, blood, brass ◊A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. Ex: C0 2 or H 2 0 ◊A mixture is made of two or more substances (elements, compounds, or both) that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined. ◊Heterogeneous mixture - different parts of the mixture can be seen easily Ex. soil, salad, trail mix ◊Homogeneous mixture – evenly mixed that different parts can’t be seen Ex. milk, blood, brass

8. Ways to Separate Mixtures ◊Use a magnet ◊Filter the mixture ◊Use distillation ◊Evaporation ◊Use a magnet ◊Filter the mixture ◊Use distillation ◊Evaporation

9. Measuring Matter ◊Mass- the amount of matter in an object ◊Units are the kg or g ◊Volume- the amount of space matter occupies. (formula: V= l x w x h) ◊Units are L, mL, and cm 3 ◊Density- the mass of a material in a given volume. (formula: mass/volume) ◊Units are g/mL or g/cm 3 ◊Mass- the amount of matter in an object ◊Units are the kg or g ◊Volume- the amount of space matter occupies. (formula: V= l x w x h) ◊Units are L, mL, and cm 3 ◊Density- the mass of a material in a given volume. (formula: mass/volume) ◊Units are g/mL or g/cm 3

10. What type of measurement does each picture represent?

11. States of Matter ◊Solids - definite shape and definite volume ◊Liquids - definite volume but no definite shape ◊Gas - no definite volume and shape ◊Plasma - a gas-like state consisting of a mixture of free electrons and atoms that are stripped of their electrons ◊Solids - definite shape and definite volume ◊Liquids - definite volume but no definite shape ◊Gas - no definite volume and shape ◊Plasma - a gas-like state consisting of a mixture of free electrons and atoms that are stripped of their electrons

12. Examples

13. Changes in States of Matter ◊Melting - change in state from a solid to a liquid. ◊Melting point - particles of a solid substance are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed positions ◊Freezing - change in state from a liquid to a solid. ◊Freezing point - particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular patterns. ◊Melting - change in state from a solid to a liquid. ◊Melting point - particles of a solid substance are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed positions ◊Freezing - change in state from a liquid to a solid. ◊Freezing point - particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular patterns.

14. Changes in States of Matter (continued) ◊Vaporization - particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas ◊Evaporation - vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid. ◊Boiling - a liquid changes to a gas below and at the surface of a liquid ◊Condensation - particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid ◊Sublimation - particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas ◊Vaporization - particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas ◊Evaporation - vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid. ◊Boiling - a liquid changes to a gas below and at the surface of a liquid ◊Condensation - particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid ◊Sublimation - particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas