1. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Objectives
Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of matter.
Classify changes of matter as physical or chemical.
Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states in terms of particles.
Explain how the law of conservation of energy applies to changes of matter.
Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.

2. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Matter
Volume is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

3. Basic Building Blocks of Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element.
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.
A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

4. Properties and Changes in Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Properties and Changes in Matter
B. Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present.
volume
mass
the amount of energy in a substance.

5. Properties and Changes in Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Properties and Changes in Matter
C. Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter present.
melting point
boiling point
density
ability to conduct electricity
ability to transfer energy as heat

6. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Properties of Matter

7. D. Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
D. Physical Properties and Physical Changes
1. physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
melting point and boiling point
2. physical change is a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
grinding, cutting, melting, boiling, change of state

8. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
A change of state is a physical change of a substance from one state to another.
E. States of matter—solid state, liquid state, gas state, plasma
1. solid state - matter has definite volume and definite shape.
2. liquid state - matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape.
3. gas state - matter has neither definite volume nor definite shape.
4. plasma - high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons

9. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Water in Three States

10. F. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
F. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
chemical property relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
2. chemical change (chemical reaction)
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
burning, rusting, oxidizing, combusting, decomposing

11. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes, continued
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes, continued
The reactants are the substances that react in a chemical change.
The products are the substances that are formed by the chemical change.
reactants product
Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide.
carbon oxygen carbon dioxide

12. G. Evidence of a Chemical Change
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
G. Evidence of a Chemical Change
1. gas produced (bubbles)
2. precipitant forms (solid)
3. energy absorbed or released (light, heat)
4. color change (new substance)

13. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Electrolysis of Water

14. Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties

15. Energy and Changes in Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Energy and Changes in Matter
Energy is always involved when physical or chemical changes occur.
Energy can be in various forms.
heat
light
Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is not destroyed or created.
law of conservation of energy

16. Classification of Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Classification of Matter

17. Classification of Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Classification of Matter
H. mixture - blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.
mixed together physically
can usually be separated
1. Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions
uniform in composition (salt-water solution)
2. Heterogeneous mixtures
not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)

18. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Types of Mixtures

19. Classification of Matter
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Classification of Matter
I. Separating Mixtures mixed together physically
1. filtration
2. cetrifuge
3. chromatography
4. vaporization (evaporating)

20. Chapter 1 Pure Substances A pure substance has a fixed composition.
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Pure Substances
A pure substance has a fixed composition.
Pure substances are either compounds or elements.
A pure substance differs from a mixture in the following ways:
Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties.
Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition.
Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass.

21. Laboratory Chemicals and Purity
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Laboratory Chemicals and Purity

22. Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1
Examples of Mixtures