2. 1.2 Investigating Matter

3. Matter – anything that has mass and volume Mass – amount of matter in a substance Volume – amount of space in a substance Chemical change – change in matter that occurs when substances combine to form new substances

4.  a physical change may have a change in appearance but no new substance is formed 3 states of matter  Solid - definite shape and volume  Liquid – definite volume but no fixed shape  Gas - shape and volume changes

5. 1. All matter is made up of very small particles 2. There are spaces between the particles (varies depending on the state) 3. The particles are always moving 4. The particles are attracted to one another

6. Kinetic energy – the energy of motion 1. All matter is made up of very small particles 2. There is empty spaces between particles 3. Particles are constantly moving  particles of a solid are tightly packed together and only vibrate  particles of a liquid are farther apart and they can move by sliding past each other  particles of a gas are very far apart and they move around quickly

7. 4. Energy makes particles move. The more energy the particles have, the faster they can move and the farther apart they get

8. Solid Particles are close together, fixed in position and vibrating. Melting As temperature increases, particles’ kinetic energy increases. Liquid Particles are still close, but slide past one another. Boiling As temperature increases, particles’ kinetic energy continues to increase, creating more space. Gas Particles are highly energetic and moving freely.

9. Melting point – temperature where melting takes place Boiling point – temperature where boiling takes place

10. Physical properties – characteristics that can be observed or measured Qualitative properties  can be described but not measured  state, colour, malleability (beaten into sheets), ductility (drawn into wires), crystallinity, magnetism

11. Quantitative properties  properties can be measured  solubility (dissolve in water), density (mass divided by volume), conductivity (conducts electricity or heat), melting/boiling points Pure substances – only one kind of matter element – cannot be broken down e.g. Gold compound – has two or more elements combined e.g. Water or carbon dioxide