1. Chemistry the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space.
Substance – a single kind of matter that is pure. It has a specific composition and a specific set of properties.
Examples: Table Salt, Table Sugar, and Baking Soda

2. Describing Matter
Physical Properties - characteristics of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.
Examples: Change in Physical State, Texture, Color, Shape, Hardness, Flexibility, Luster, etc.

3. Physical Properties
Some Examples:

4. Chemical Properties - a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances
Flammability (Combustion)
Ability to React (Oxidation/Tarnishing)
New Substances, New Properties

5. Chemical Properties
Some examples

6. Elements
Element – a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.
Elements are represented by one or two letter symbols such as C for carbon, H for hydrogen, Fe for iron, and Cu for copper.

7. Particles of Elements - Atoms
Atom – the basic particle from which all elements are made.

8. When Atoms Combine
Chemical bond – the force of attraction between two atoms.
Molecules – groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

9. Compounds
Compound – a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio.
Chemical formula – shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms.
Examples: H2O (water), NaCl (table salt)
CO2 (carbon dioxide), and
C12H22O11 (table sugar)

10. Mixtures
Mixture – made of two or more substances that are together in the same place but are not chemically combined.
Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Mixtures are not combined in a set ratio.

11. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixture – a mixture in which you can see individual parts
Examples:

12. Homogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures – a mixture that is so evenly mixed that you can’t see the different parts
Examples:

13. Ways to Separate Mixtures
Use a magnet
Filter the mixture
Use distillation
Evaporation

14. Measuring Matter Mass - the amount of matter in an object
Units: g or kg
Volume - the amount of space matter occupies.
Units: L, mL, and cm3
Density - the mass of a material in a given volume. (formula: mass/volume)
Units are g/mL or g/cm3