1. (get it? What’s the matter?)

2. A. Matter 1. Anything that has mass and occupies space 2. Anything with inertia 3. Two kinds of Matter a. Mixtures variable composition b. Substances constant composition

4. B. Substances 1. Have constant composition 2. Cannot be broken down or separated by physical processes

5. B. Substances 3. Two kinds of Substances a. Elements substances that are made up of only 1 type of atom Examples gold, silver, carbon, oxygen, copper, hydrogen, sulfur

6. 3. Two kinds of Substances b. Compounds are substances that are made up of more than one type of atom. Examples: water, table salt sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, sugar

8. C. Mixtures 1. Two or more substances physically combined 2. Composition varies from sample to sample 3. Examples Dirt, salt water, tea, jelly

9. 4. Two kinds of Mixtures a. Homogeneous Also called a solution – A mixture with only one phase – Materials are evenly spread out – Examples: salt water, toothpaste, air, bronze, brass

10. 4. Two kinds of Mixtures b. Heterogeneous The individual components can be easily distinguished Examples Pizza, salad, concrete, nachos, tacos

11. Review It Now:

14. A. Kinetic Theory of Matter 1. Matter exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. 2. Tiny particles (atoms) in constant motion make up all matter.

15. Gas Liquid Solid

16. B. Solids 1. Mc tightly packed - can’t be compressed 2. Definite shape & volume 3. Least kinetic energy - mc only vibrating

17. C. Liquids 1. Mc less tightly packed than solids 2. Indefinite shape (mc flow past each other) 3. Definite volume 4. More kinetic energy than solids Liquid Solid

18. D. Gases 1. Mc spread out. 2. Indefinite shape and volume 3. More kinetic energy than solids and liquids Gas Liquid Solid

19. 1. Hot ionized gas particles 2. Particles are electrically charged

20. 3. Exists only at very high temp. 4. Most kinetic energy

21. E. Plasma 5.The most common state of matter in the universe! – Not found naturally on earth. – Found in stars, the sun, inside fluorescent bulbs

22. b. Some can be measured and some are the same no matter how much of the substance you have 1.Characteristics of matter that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

23. We will use two terms to categorize these properties: extrinsic and intrinsic Extrinsic Extrinsic properties rely on how much of the substance you have and is a property that can be measured: Length, mass, volume, or temperature Intrinsic Intrinsic properties are true no matter how much of the substance you have: boiling pt., melting pt., color, density

24.  Density is a calculation of how much mass a substance has per unit of volume.  D = m/v  “m” is for mass (usually in grams or “g”)  “v” is for volume (usually in milliliters or “ml”)  “D” is for density (in g/ml if the units above are used) For example, 10 ml of water has a mass of 10 grams, meaning water has a density of 1g/ml.

25. Attraction to a magnet, buoyancy,viscosity 1.Other intrinsic properties include the behavior of the substance such as…

26. 2. Physical properties can be used to separate a mixture Sand Sand Salt Salt Pebbles Pebbles Iron filings Iron filings Beans Beans

27. 2. Physical properties can be used to separate a mixture Sand Salt Pebbles Iron filings Beans

29. B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 1.Describe how a substance reacts or fails to react when brought in contact with another substance 2.Example: burns, flammability, explodes, bubbles

30. 1. Odor is a chemical property. 2. Boiling points are physical properties. 3. Melting is a chemical property 4. The ability of wood to float is a physical property. 5. The fact that paper burns is a chemical property. F T F T T

31. Changes which do not change the identity of the substance(s) Melting Dissolving Tearing Cutting Freezing Boiling III. Describing Matter

32. 1. Thermal Expansion a. Almost all matter expands as it gets hot and contracts as it cools Name an exception. b. Different materials expand at different rates.

33. 2. Melting a. the change from a solid to a liquid b. Melting pt. – temp. at which a solid becomes a liquid

34. 3. Freezing the change from a liquid to a solid note: freezing pt. = melting pt.

35. 4. Vaporization a. the change from a liquid to a gas

36. 4. Vaporization Boiling a. Boiling – rapid; gas bubbles form throughout the liquid Boiling pt. temp. at which a liquid becomes a gas

37. 4. Vaporization a. Evaporation liquid changes to a gas at temperatures below the boiling point Slow Occurs at the surface

38. 5. Condensation change from a gas to a liquid Note: Boiling pt. = Condensation pt.

39. 6. Sublimation A solid becomes a gas without first becoming a liquid Example: Dry Ice

40. 1. Changes which alter the identity of the substance 2. Occur during a chemical reaction 3. Evidences of a chemical change: a. Production of light, heat, sound b. Absorption of heat (container gets cold) c. New color, new odor

41. 3. Evidences of a chemical change: d. New color, new odor e. Appearance of a new substance  Gas: effervescence effervescence )  Solid: precipitate

42. 1. Paper burning is a chemical change. 2. Salt dissolving in water is a chemical change. 3. Ice melting is a chemical change 4. Wood burning is a chemical change 5. Fruit rotting is a chemical change. T F F T T