Bellringer Glue in your: – Homework pg 63 – Preview pg 64 – Revisiting the fertile crescent pg 65 – Notes/ process pg 66 – Homework- in folder

Agenda Preview Reading Notes Process

India Geography Isolated – Peninsula – Sub-continent Himalaya Hindu-Kush But, mountain passes allow migration

Aryan Migrations Aryan nomadic groups – Come from north of the Black Sea – Move into parts of Asia and Europe Settle in India among the agricultural people already there

Aryan Culture Aryans brought elements of their culture to India – Gods – Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads – Religious rituals – Social class structure Imposed their beliefs on the natives

The Caste System The rigid social class structure in India, a part of Hindu beliefs – Caste determines your social status, job, friends, spouse – Cannot change caste in your lifetime – Move up if you lead a good life and follow the rules

The Caste System

The Brahman Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their individual soul with Brahman, the “World Soul” The world, all individuals and individual souls, and all gods derive from the Brahman

Hindu Gods All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman Manifestation: appearance in bodily form – Hundreds or thousands of “gods” – VERY open religion – can worship many different things and be a Hindu Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?

Hindu Gods Common Hindu Gods – Brahma, the creator – Vishnu, the preserver – Shiva, the destroyer

Freeing the Soul To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you must achieve perfect understanding: moksha This takes more than one lifetime! Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body) occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is complete Reaching moksha ends reincarnation

Reincarnation Your position in the next life is determined by karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds and how well you performed your dharma, or the duty of your role in life Dharma is associated with your caste, and karma determines what caste you return to – a very serious punishment or reward

Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #5 They’re called gods for a reason

Buddhism

Hinduism’s Problems Some people did not like – Inequality – Inaccessibility (need priests to interact with gods for you)

The Solution A new faith Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from the world. When he left his palace, he was shocked by what he saw – Became the founder of Buddhism

The Buddha Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom No one he met had any wisdom So he meditated under a tree until he discovered the truth about the world – He became known as the Buddha: awakened or enlightened one

Four Noble Truths 1.To live is to suffer 2.Suffering is caused by desire 3.To end suffering, you must get rid of all desires 4.To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to enlightenment

Nirvana nirvana : Enlightenment Enlightenment can be achieved by acting, thinking, and believing in the proper way Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation

Karma Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus Instead of determining caste, karma provides your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc.) Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions

Solving Problems Hinduism has inequality – Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists belong to the religious community Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests – Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation and self-improvement – Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime

About Buddha Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development

Religious Spread

Agenda Quick review of Hinduism and Buddhism GRAPES chart (pg 173) Video Begin on homework Quiz next class and quiz from last class in your folders

MAURYAN EMPIRE

Geography Majority of India except southern tip

Religion Hinduism Buddhism – Asoka converts to Buddhism

Asoka Chandragupta’s grandson Harsh and Brutal Warrior Battle at Kautilya – Kills 100,000 soldiers – Feels bad – Starts studying Buddhism and converts Preaches nonviolence

Achievements Unifying India Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka Road system – Rest houses and wells for travelers

Political Bureaucracy Divides empire into 4 provinces Royal prices govern provinces – Officials collect taxes and carry out laws

Economic Farming Trade- Indian Ocean trade

Social Class system Patriarchal

GUPTA EMPIRE

Geography Smaller than Mauryan Empire – Northern and Central India

Religion Hinduism

Achievements Art Literature Science and Math

Political Kings Alliances with regional kings

Economic Farming Trade

Social Caste System Patriarchal

Bellringer Glue in the following pages – Pg 75- HW from last night – Pg 76 Preview – Pg 77 DO NOT GLUE IN!!!! – Pg 78- Activity – Pg 79- process

Agenda Glue in pages Quiz Preview Notes Finish Video! And go over answers Activity Process

Homework Reading Packet Finish vocabulary Quiz next class – (will be taking notes home to help you study)

Reading Activity Read through the packet to complete page 77

Activity Decide which phrase belongs to which philosophy – Buddhism – Confucianism – Daoism

Who Said That? The Three Sages, that is, of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, as illustrated in a late Ming period book. From left to right are Confucius, a Buddhist bodhisattva, and Laozi with the yin-yang symbol. [Safari Montage] Confucianism Buddhism Daoism

Buddhism Like a spider caught in its own web is a person driven by fierce cravings. Break out of the web, and turn away from the world of sensory pleasure and sorrow.

If a ruler himself is upright, all will go well without orders. But if he himself is not upright, even though he gives orders they will not be obeyed. Confucianism

Highest good is like water. Because water excels in benefitting the myriad creatures without contenting with them and settles where none would like to be, it comes close to the Way. Daoism

The mind is flighty, and hard to grasp; the mind pursues all its desires. To tame the mind is great goodness. Subdue the mind and know tranquility. Buddhism

The more laws and edicts are imposed, the more thieves and bandits there will be. Daoism

Be respectful at home, serious at work, faithful in human relations. Even if you go to uncivilized areas, these virtues are not to be abandoned. Confucianism

Seeing that our body, with hair and skin, is derived from our parents, we should not allow it to be injured in any way. This is the beginning of filial respect. We develop our own character and practice the way so as to perpetuate our name for future generations, and to bring honor to our parents. Confucianism

Life is a journey, death is a return to the earth, the universe is like an inn, the passing years are like dust. Buddhism

The sage, because he does nothing, never ruins anything; and, because he does not lay hold of anything, loses nothing. Daoism