CHAPTER 18 SECTION 1 The Power of Spain

Key Terms Absolut Monarch Divine right Charles V Peace of Augsburg Philip II El Greco Diego Velazquez Miguel de Cervantes Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz Spanish Armada

The King Becomes and Emperor 1516 Teenaged Charles became king Member of the Hapsburg family Absolut monarch-a ruler whose power was not limited to consulting with other Divine right- received their power from God and cannot be challenged

Charles the V and the Empire ’s they imposed their will on Europe King of Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, colonies in the Americas Borrowed money to get votes to be the Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V and the Empire Now controls Italy, Austria and parts of Germany Charles face many enemies Charles faced religious fighting Closely connected to the Catholic Church

Charles the V and the Empire 1521 Charles confronted Martin Luther Declared him and outlaw Peace of Augsburg gave German prince the right to choose Catholic or Protestant

Charles V and the Empire Charles had more success in the Americas Spanish explorers claimed much the Americas for Spain Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs Francisco Coronado explored and found gold 20 years later gold was flowing from the Americas

Dividing the Empire Charles V gave up his throne in 1556 Divided his empire between his brother and his son Philip II ruled Netherlands, Spain, Sicily, and Spain’s colonies in the Americas Charles V spent the rest of his life in a monastery

Artistic Achievements Greek Domenico Theotocopoulos known as El Greco  Famous for elongated human figures  Religious work reflected the Reformation Diego Velazquez- portrayed people of all social classes with great dignity

Literature Miquel de Cervantes- wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha  Man caught between medieval and modern world Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz-Wrote poetry, thought women should be educated (criticized by the Church)

Spain under Philip II Reached its peak of grandeur Gold and silver from the Americas Immense wealth Spain’s power grew Gold could not solve Spain’s problems

Religion and Revolt Philip II devout Catholic Leader of the Counter- Reformation Philip married Queen Mary I of England Died before she gave birth to an heir to return England to Catholicism

Religion and Revolt Faith clashed with Calvinist Protestantism Spreading through the low countries Dutch refused allegiance to Philip II Sent Duke of Alba Court of Alba tortured and executed thousands of people

Religion and Revolt 1609 seven provinces broke away formed the Netherlands

Spain and England Spain and England were rivals English sent aid to Dutch rebels Infuriated Philip England’s Queen Elizabeth was allowing attacks on Spanish ships Stole the gold and silver for England

Spain and England King Philip II wanted to stop England’s raids and return it to Catholicism Spanish Armada- 130 ships and 20,000 soldiers Fleet was called invincible, unbeatable Sailed into English Channel 1588

Spain and England Spanish packed ships for a land invasion Planned to join forces with Spanish forces in the Netherlands Naval battles damaged the fleet English set 8 ships on fire and aimed them at the Armada Spain retreated and lost several ships in a storm

An Empire in Decline England remained Protestant Spain had internal problems Philip spent wealth on constant warfare Borrowed money and went bankrupt four times

An Empire in Decline Flood of gold and silver drove up prices causing inflation Spain’s industries relied on their agriculture Economy lagged behind other countries Spain declined as a major power