1. Chapter 18
European Monarchs

2. Absolute Monarchs
As a teenager, Charles became King Charles I of Spain
He was next in line in the absolute monarchy, a ruler whose power was not limited by having to consult nobles, common people, or other representatives

3. Absolute monarchs
Absolute monarchs believed in divine right and tried to impose their rule across Europe from

4. Spanish monarchs Charles v
The position of the Holy Roman Empire became open
He expanded Spain’s territory to parts of Italy, Austria, and various German states

5. Charles v
Charles wanted Europe to be Catholic because his power was closely related to the Catholic Church
The Protestant movement was growing and threatening his power

6. Charles V
Charles was forced to sign the Peace of Augsburg – which gave each German prince the right to decide whether his state would be Catholic or Protestant
He supported exploration

7. Charles v
Charles had more success in the Americas then he did in Spain
Charles V gave up the throne in 1556
He ended up splitting the Spanish empire and his dreams of unifying Europe failed

8. Philip ii
Spain reached great wealth because of vast amount of gold and money coming in from the new world and Spanish colonies
Married Queen Mary I of England to spread Catholicism

9. Philip ii
Queen Elizabeth I of England was allowing her ships to attack Spanish ships that were coming back from America
The attackers were called sea dogs, one of the most famous ones was Sir Francis Drake who once took down 30 Spanish ships

10. Phillip II
Philip counteracted by ordering his navy into the Spanish Armada
England ended up setting 8 ships on fire
Philip was very controlling which created fractions in their government

11. French Monarchs henry iv
By 1560 every one in ten men and women were Huguenots
They challenged the Catholic religion in France and adopted the idea, “one king, one law, one religion”

12. Henry iv
The Queen ordered killing of the Huguenots at a wedding in Paris which became known as Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

13. Henry iv
Henry the Navarre escaped death that day by denying his religion
Henry issued the Edict of Nantes which gave Huguenots limited freedom of religion and the power to rule in areas with the majority live

14. Henry iv
Edict of Nantes was remarkable because it gave freedom of religion and did not make people follow the religion of the monarch
Henry went to restore war torn country by paying all of France’s debt and created a surplus

15. Louis xiv The greatest example of an absolute monarch
Raised to be a king at a young age and actually became king at the age of 18

16. Louis xiv
He chose the Sun as his symbol and became known as the Sun King
Louis established a strong monarch in France that lasted over 100 years

17. Louis xiv
He deprived his nobles of influence, they declined in status even more when his built his palace of Versailles
Louis ruled over religion as an absolute monarch by crushing the edict of Nantes and freedom of religion by Huguenots
Because of his expensive taste, the French treasury was always an issue
Once he had money to build a vast army, he went to war four times
Wars cost France dearly, he even had to melt down the royal silver to pay off some of his debts