An Overview Of U.S. Foreign Policy From Hayes to Wilson

U.S. gradually became imperialist o Hayes Admin. o Foreign policy geared toward: o Finding markets for surplus goods o Gaining access to raw materials o Exploiting opps. for overseas invest. o Euros preferred territorial colonialism o U.S. preferred market expansion w/out liability of military occupation

U.S. not really isolationist o Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland o Policies focused on expansion of trade & protection of foreign markets o construction of new steel ships o acquisition of Pearl Harbor, HI o U.S. Christian missionaries active throughout world

Regional stability, economic expansion o Harrison o Policies focused on: o Preventing wars in Latin Am. (Chile) o Resisting intervention in Caribbean turmoil (Haiti) o Increasing influence in Hawaii o Alfred T. Mahan & U.S. naval pwr

U.S. becoming a world player o Cleveland & McKinley o Policies focused on: o Cuban Revolution against Spain o Mediation in border dispute between British Guiana and Venezuela o Protection of trade interests in Asia o Annexation question in Hawaii

Americanization of the World o McKinley to T. Roosevelt o Spanish-American War (1898) o Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam o Philippine Insurrection ( ) o Open Door Policy ( ) o Pursuit of a canal

TR’s Big Stick Policy o Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903) o Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine o U.S. as international cop o Treaty of Portsmouth (1905) o Uneasy relations with Japan o “Great White Fleet” o Algeciras Conference 1906

Taft and Dollar Diplomacy o Taft replaced “big stick” with big dough! o Believed U.S. investment in Latin Am. would encourage economic, social, & political stability o Policy failed - little real improvements

Wilson and Moral Diplomacy o Wilson denounced imperialism and dollar diplomacy o Advocated advancement of democracy and capitalism o An idealist who visualized world peace o In order to achieve his goals, Wilson often (ironically) resorted to intervention o U.S. Neutrality in Europe gives way to war