1. Global Power
And the United States

2. In the beginning… Prior to 1898:
United States did not do much on the world stage
Countries like Britain, France, and Germany had large overseas empires
Alfred Thayer Mahan

3. Examples of Imperialism
Spanish American War
Occupation of Puerto Rico, Samoa, Hawaii
Occupation of the Philippines
Great White Fleet
Roosevelt Corollary
Panama Canal

4. What To Do With the Philippines?
Debate breaks out in US
What should we do with this new possession?
Imperialists
Keep the Philippines
Social Darwinism
Anti-imperialists
Give the Philippines their independence
Self-determination

5. Imperialists—Economic
Trading partner, buyers of U.S. goods
Need trading partners after American industrialization
Close to China and the huge market there

6. Imperialists—Military
An important naval base
Key to projecting American power
Goes with other island naval bases in the Pacific
Hawaii
Guam
Samoa

7. Imperialists—”Civilization”
Pres. McKinley: “Christianize” the Filipinos (!?)
Government Commission: American rule “will prove the greatest blessing to the peoples of the Philippine islands.”
“White Man’s Burden”

8. Anti-Imperialists—American Values
Fought the war to free the Cubans from the Spanish
Have to stick to American principles
Freedom
Democracy
Anti-colonial
Anti-Imperialist League
“We maintain that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

9. Anti-Imperialists—Other Reasons
Philippines are too far away / too difficult to control
Racism: don’t want millions of people of color added to American population

10. The Result? US decides to keep Philippines
Fights war with Filipinos that want independence
More costly than Spanish-American War
Guerrilla warfare
3+ years
4,000 US soldiers dead, perhaps 500,000 Filipinos (mostly civilians)
Gives Philippines independence in 1946 (after World War II)
Emilio Aguinaldo

11. Significance Clash of imperialists and anti-imperialists
U.S. is now a colonial power
Joins other major powers in the world
An empire that stretches from the Caribbean Sea all the way across the Pacific Ocean

12. Significance continued….
Different types of diplomacy (relations with other countries)
Big Stick Diplomacy—TR
Use military to intimidate other nations
Hawaii, Japan, Panama
Dollar Diplomacy—Pres. Taft
“Substitute dollars for bullets”
Build strong economic ties with Latin America
Moral Diplomacy—Pres. Wilson
“The force of America is the force of moral principle”
Spread democracy and promote peace
(by force if necessary)