Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 18 th century that stressed the power of individuals to solve problems

Enlightenment

A social gathering for intellectuals and artists, often hosted by wealthy Parisian women

Salon

The document in which American colonists asserted their right to free themselves from British rule

Declaration of Independence

He proposed that all people are born free and equal, with three natural rights: life, liberty, and property. He believed that the natural rights of humans are best protected in representative governments. He wrote that the power of government should be limited by the will of the people.

John Locke

A French Philosopher ( ) and satirist who fought for tolerance, reason, and liberty

Voltaire

A French writer who studied political liberty and developed the idea of separation of powers within government in order to prevent absolute monarchs like Louis XVI from seizing control of an entire nation of people.

Montesquieu

A French essayist who believed the only good government was a direct democracy. He wrote the Social Contract

Rousseau

The agreement in which people give their rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law and order

Social Contract

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, listing the citizens’ rights and freedoms

Bill of Rights

A style of art characterized by grand, ornate design that dominated European art in the 1600s and 1700s

Baroque

145. Who wrote the Social Contract? a)Voltaire b)John Locke c)Jean-Jacques Rousseau d)Montesquieu

______ 146. In the Leviathan, he described his beliefs that absolutism was the best form of government. a)Baron de Montesquieu b)Voltaire c)Thomas Hobbes d)John Locke

______ 147. Developed the idea of separation of powers. a)Baron de Montesquieu b)Voltaire c)Thomas Hobbes d)John Locke

148. Which of the following statements would most likely have been made by Voltaire? a)“The King needs absolute power.” b)“People must be free to speak their minds.” c)“We should do away with the death penalty.” d)“The government protects people’s natural rights.”

______ 149. His two important ideas were freedom of speech and religion. a)Baron de Montesquieu b)Voltaire c)Thomas Hobbes d)John Locke

150. The Enlightenment did all of the following EXCEPT: a)Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world. b)Returned all monarchies to divine right. c)Stimulated religious tolerance. d)Fueled democratic revolutions around the world.

151. In what way was the Enlightenment similar to the Scientific Revolution? a)Both focused on government and society. b)Both highly valued reason and observation. c)Both denied the existence of God. d)Both emphasized the rights of the individual.

#154 The buzz of the Enlightenment was most intense in the mansions of several wealthy women in Paris. They held regular social gatherings called __________ a)Salons b)Roccocos c)Raves d)Swares

#155 a grand, ornate style a)Baroque b)Classical c)Rococo d)impressioni st

160. Which of these was greatly influenced BY the Enlightenment? a)The Scientific Revolution b)The Magna Carta c)The idea of Divine Right d)The American Revolution

#171 Thomas Jefferson borrowed heavily from this English Enlightenment philosopher when he wrote the Declaration of Independence. a)Thomas Hobbes b)John Locke c)Voltaire d)Isaac Newton