1. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
RENAISSANCE
1300’s-1500’s
REFORMATION
1500’s
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
1500’s-1600’s
ENLIGHTENMENT
1700’s
WHAT DO THESE TIME PERIODS HAVE IN COMMON?

2. CHANGE!!!

3. THOMAS HOBBES

4. Absolute government
Men are greedy and selfish and need an absolute – all powerful ruler to keep them safe
Wrote the book Leviathan

5. JOHN LOCKE

6. All men are born with natural rights – life, liberty, and property
If government does not protect those natural rights, the people have a right to overthrow it and replace it with one that will
Promoted a limited monarchy/democracy

7. VOLTAIRE

8. Freedom of speech and religion
Believed in natural rights
Promoted a limited monarchy

9. BARON DE MONTESQUIEU

10. 3 branches of government
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
System of checks and balances so no one branch gets too powerful
Promotes a limited monarchy/democracy

11. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU

12. Promoted a limited monarchy/democracy
Wrote the book the Social Contract – believed that people were corrupted by society so they needed to form a pact with government to protect the interests of the people (general will of the people)

13. ADAM SMITH

14. Believed in laissez-faire economics – the government should not interfere with the running of the economy
People should have a say in the economy and it should be based on supply and demand (capitalism)

15. SALONS

16. SALONS
Social gatherings where writers and philosophers exchanged and spread ideas and discussed arts, science, literature and philosophy
Only the most well-read and intelligent people were involved
Wealthy noblewomen hosted these salons

17. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

18. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
Wrote Vindication of Rights of Women calling for equal education for girls and boys to be able to participate equally in politics

19. DENIS DIDEROT

20. DENIS DIDEROT
Wrote The Encyclopedia with writings of Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau
Helped spread Enlightenment ideas out of France to other parts of Europe and to the Americas

21. IMPACT OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Influenced Paine to write Common Sense calling on the U.S. colonists to revolt from British rule
Influenced the American and French Revolutions and Latin American independent movements
Influenced the creation of the U.S. Bill of Rights and constitution and French constitution
Influenced the abolition of the slave trade in the early 1800’s

22. ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS (absolute monarchs who ruled by enlightened principles)
FREDERICK THE GREAT OF PRUSSIA - practiced religious tolerance, outlawed torture, and created a fair law code
CATHERINE THE GREAT OF RUSSIA – created a more just legal system, prohibited torture and religious persecution
MARIA THERESA and JOSEPH II OF HAPSBURG AUSTRIA – abolished serfdom, reformed the tax system, gave middle class citizens more say in government, ended censorship, practiced religious tolerance