1. 9/4 Focus:
The Scientific Revolution inspired intellectuals to apply reason to the study not only of science but also of human society
Do Now:
Identify one European absolute monarch?

2. 9/5 Focus:
European thinkers developed new ideas about government and society during the enlightenment
Do Now:
What impact did the Scientific Revolution have on the enlightenment?

3. The Enlightenment

4. The Scientific Revolution
Period in the 1500’s and 1600’s
Scientific thinkers began using observation and experimentation to explain the natural world
Use of the Scientific Method
Sir Francis Bacon

6. The Scientific Revolution
Before the Scientific Revolution
After the Scientific Revolution
Religious teachings and traditional beliefs explained the universe and how the world worked
Observation and experimentation used to explain natural world and solve problems
Scientific Method
Examination of natural laws governing the universe
Ex. The Laws of Gravity

7. The Enlightenment
The use of reason to guide people’s thoughts about mankind and its relationship to government and society
Known as the Age of Reason
Challenged traditional authority
Introduced new ways of viewing:
Government
Authority
Power
Law

8. Natural Law
Writers and philosophers tried to use reason to discover laws that govern human behavior

9. 9/8 Focus:
Enlightenment philosophers created new assumptions about the proper use of power, who had authority, and what made up a good government
Do Now:
Identify one Enlightenment thinker that was discussed in Global I.

10. 9/9 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now:
Enlightenment thinkers used the scientific revolutions emphasis on reason to suggest reforms in government and society.
Important Terms:
Reason, Natural Law, Social Contract
Do Now:
Which Enlightenment philosopher believed that all people were born with certain natural rights?

11. Philosophes Enlightenment ideas spread from Europe to the Americas
Paris, France became a meeting place for enlightenment philosophers
Met in salons
Discussed politics and ideas about human nature

13. Philosophes Five core beliefs: Reason Nature/Natural laws Happiness
Living by nature’s law
Progress
Trying to improve society
Liberty
Reason could set society free

14. Enlightenment Philosophers
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Voltaire
Enlightenment Philosophers
Rousseau
Montesquieu

15. Thomas Hobbes English philosopher; author of the Leviathan
People are naturally greedy and selfish
Absolute monarchs were needed to create a peaceful society
People gave up freedom to the monarch in return for order in society

16. John Locke English philosopher; Two Treatises on Government
Believed all men were born with certain natural rights
Life, liberty, and property
People form governments to protect those rights
Government can be overthrown if those rights are not protected

17. Rousseau French philosopher; wrote The Social Contract
Believed people were naturally good but became corrupted by evils of society
Unequal distribution of property
Scarcity of resources
Thought all people were equal
Titles of nobility should be abolished

18. Rousseau
The social contract was an agreement between free individuals to create a society, make laws and a government
People gave up certain freedoms/self interests to this government for the common good

19. Rousseau Government should be based on the will of the people
“The general will”
democracy
Citizens and rulers must follow the will of the people
Majority should always work for the common good

20. Baron de Montesquieu French philosopher; On the Spirit of Laws
wrote that powers of government should be separated between 3 branches
Legislative
Judicial
Executive
Checks and balances prevent tyranny and abuse of power

21. Voltaire
French philosopher who wrote about the importance of freedom of speech, religious freedom, and tolerance
Criticized the French government and the Catholic Church

22. Closure Identify the author of the book The Social Contract.
According to Rousseau, what were all citizens obligated to follow?
According to Montesquieu, what was the best way to prevent tyranny and abuse of power in government?