1. The Scientific Revolution applied to Human Society 1670-1776
The Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution applied to Human Society

2. Application of Science and Reason
If Newton could discover laws to explain the workings of the universe, why not use the scientific method to uncover laws about humankind?
Development of “Social Sciences”

3. Early “Social Scientists” continued
Thomas Hobbes (English)
people inherently selfish, evil
people left to themselves would cause chaos/disorder/anarchy
Social contract with government
The best type of government =absolute monarchy

4. Early “Social Scientists” continued
John Locke (1690)
Agreed with Hobbes that the purpose of government was to create order
If the ruler becomes a tyrant, the people have the right to rebel
Order for the sake of the people

5. People inherently good deserved natural rights life, liberty, property
Locke continued
People inherently good
deserved natural rights
life, liberty, property
Government was responsible for protecting those rights, not taking them away

6. Believed in the application of science and reason to social thought
French Philosophes
Believed in the application of science and reason to social thought
Believed in Locke’s treatises:
Natural rights: Religious belief, Press, end of slavery, encouraged education

7. Philosophes continued
Montesquieu:
Encouraged separation of powers/checks and balances
No branch more powerful than another

8. Philosophes continued
Voltaire
The best way to ensure the natural rights was through Kings/Queens who s protect ed natural rights of the people
Freedom of speech
Believed that there should be separation between the state/government and religion

9. Philosophes continued
Jean Jacques Rousseau:
Believed that all men are born free and equal
Government based on majority rule through consensus (agreement despite differences)
voting

10. The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Foundations of the Enlightenment
Impacts of the Enlightenment
Bacon and Descartes:
Reason and Logic
Growth of Secular Ideas:
Importance of Education
Isaac Newton:
Natural Law
Belief in Progress:
Enlightenment
Thought
American and French Revolutions :Independence Movements
Hobbes and Rousseau:
Perception of Mankind
Declaration of Independence Rights of Man and Citizen,
Growth of Individualism
John Locke:
Natural Rights
Life, Liberty and Property
Voltaire:
Religious Tolerance Free Speech
US Bill of Rights and
Enlightened Monarchies
Montesquieu:
Separation of Powers
US, French, Latin American Constitutions

11. Foundations of the______________ Impacts of the ______________

12. Scientific Revolution
World History Connections
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Reformation
Scientific Revolution
Age of Exploration
Enlightenment