Revolution and Change in Britain

Elizabeth I Protestant Who Succeed? No Children Lots of debt to who would follow Elizabeth dies in 1603 no heir

Stuarts James VI (James I) son of Mary Queen of Scots “Wisest fool in Christendom” Believed in “Divine Right of Kings” Anglican King James Bible “Mayflower” “Gun Powder Plot” November

What were the problems for James I and Parliament?

James dies Charles 1 st Any Problems with Parliament? Believes in Divine Right of Kings Married Catholic $$$$ Problem Sent people to jail Parliament issued Petition of the Right

Petition of the Right – No taxes w/o Parliaments OK – No Martial Law – No Quartering of Soldiers in peace time – No imprisonment w/o charges

Charles signs it and continues to TAX House of Commons gets upset Parliament Dissolved by King 11 years w/o Parliament Economy improved and people mad “To Catholic” King= Tyrant

King tried people in Royal Courts Take away civil liberties No Jury, One Judge loyal to King “Star Chamber” – Try and convict anyone (mostly Puritans and critics) – Even the gentry lost right of no corporal punishment People saw him as an absolute ruler.

Charles goes after worship in Scotland Presbyterianism = John Calvin They saw this to Catholic control Loyal to Church before loyal to king Scots raised army Charles need more funds to fight Calls Parliament back into session

Parliament tick, Air grievance Charles fires them again Scots beat the TRASH out of England In 1640 calls Parliament back into session.

English Civil WAR 1640 Long Parliament Puritan control Limit power of King Not allow King to Dissolve Parliament changes several tax laws of King abolished the Star Chamber Executed advisors of king

IRISH PROBLEM England has best land in Ireland Roman Catholics in Ireland get worst stuff 1641 Irish rebel Protestants scared of Irish Need ARMY Parliament not trust Charles I to lead Put army in power of Parliament Charles leads his troops to put down situation

Cavaliers Support Charles Anglican and Catholic Nobles Leader needs to be King Roundheads Support Parliament Puritan Leader should be Oliver Cromwell VS.

Charles Defeated in 1645 Fled to Scotland Scots turn him over to Puritans Charles escapes Charles defeated again Cromwell and Puritians trial for treason

Parliament under Cromwell Abolish Monarchy Commonwealth Tried Charles for Treason Charles found guilty one vote 1649 Charles Executed Never had king been tried in Public and executed

Oliver Cromwell Believed in God put him in power Suppresses dissidents=HARSHLY Wanted a Republic style government Written constitution in 1653 Instrument of Government First written constitution LORD PROTECTOR

People not happy and could do nothing about it * Army? * $$$$$? * Opposition not organization Cromwell improved economy and trade Lead to conflicts with Dutch * Navigation Act Lead to prestige and improved commerce

Republic Failed Parliament argued with Cromwell Parliament Dissolved 1660 people of England not happy People of England want a king Asked Charles II (son of Charles I) Parade

The "merry Monarch" Restoration of Monarchy used Parliament unlike DAD Parliament passed HABEAUS CORPUS Loves FUN Puritans Ticked Problem = No Legitimate kids Rule would fall to brother James !! Catholic

Charles Dies James believes in Royal Absolutism James has two Protestant daughters then a Catholic son Appointing Catholics to high positions England scared of a Catholic line of kings Ask Mary and her husband William if they would rule

Glorious Revolution ,000 troops land in England James Abdicates without a fight No one dies in Change At Coronation William and Mary promised to work with Parliament Bill of Rights – things king cannot do

Parliament come into power King and Parliament had to work together Cabinet created to help king – appointed by Parliament

Model for others to end Absolute Rule!!!!!!!!