1. English Revolutions English Civil War and Glorious Revolution
A story really about Monarchs vs. Parliament

2. The Monarchs Monarchs in Europe at this time believed in divine right
Divine Right: monarch’s right to rule came directly from God
England’s first experience with this is James I in 1603 and the guy who followed him Charles I 1625
Believed their power was ABSOLUTE cause from God
Absolute Power meant no one could question them
Thomas Hobbes was the philosopher dude who wrote about this

3. Parliament
Parliament made up of wealthy land owners, aristocracy, wealthy merchants
Originally created to advise king help raise money through taxes
Gains power over time and rights for English citizens
Parliament is mostly Protestant or Puritans
John Locke is the philosopher we think of cause he said “sovereignty lies with the people”

4. Monarchs vs. Parliament
King James I & King Charles I are father and son
Both liked life of luxury
Parliament agrees to raise taxes for James I because he agrees to make no laws without their approval
1628 Charles I needs more money (for war) Parliament wants more rights
King agrees to Petition of Rights (more rights for English people)
King gets his money and then dismisses Parliament
Parliament and People NOT Happy Campers!

5. English Civil War
King James I & Charles I made people mad because of economic policies and other reasons
They made enemies of the Puritans
Puritans: religious group who wanted to ‘purify’ the Church of England
Puritans were from the Protestants
Kings supported Church of England (The Anglican Church)
Also his marrying a Roman Catholic French woman does not help OUCH!
Church Scene (1:23)

6. English Civil War Remember Puritans control Parliament
1640 K. Charles I needs money for war with Scotland
Parliament passes law that king cannot dismiss Parliament
King Charlie has to agree to get his $$$ for war
He Agrees
He gets his money then marches into Parliament with troops to arrest them but they escape
1642 War between Puritans (Parliament) and King Charles I erupts

7. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell – Leader of Puritans
Cromwell puts together an army that become known as Roundheads
King Charles’ supporters and army were known as Cavaliers
Horrible Histories : Musical Cavaliers v Roundheads (2:30)

8. English Civil War
1646 Cromwell’ s Roundheads defeat Charles’ Cavaliers
1649 Charles I surrenders, he is tried, convicted and beheaded as a traitor
Guess What?
Cromwell seizes control of the government
Parliament (House of Commons) he keeps
House of Lords he gets rid of – Kick's Out

9. English Civil War But… Cromwell cannot control his new Parliament
1653 Cromwell dismisses Parliament
He sets up a military dictatorship ruling alone with support from the army
He wants England to be a strict Puritan nation
But…
Most English people happy with Church of England
People also do not want a republic
They want a Constitutional Monarchy (a king with limited power)
Horrible Histories: (4:08)

10. Glorious Revolution
1658 Cromwell dies and The Commonwealth quickly falls apart
1660 Parliament asks Charles’ son to come back and be king …. King Charles II
1660 – 1668 known as the RESTORATION because the monarchy was “restored” or brought back
The Church of England also restored as nation’s official religion
Parliament passes laws limiting rights of Catholics and Puritans (opponents of Church of England)

11. Glorious Revolution
1685 Charles II dies and his bros., James II became king
King James II was a Catholic …. Uh Oh!
1687 He grants freedom of religion to Catholics and Puritans … That’s a double UH OH!
Some are worried he will try to turn England back to Catholicism
Wealthy (rich) nobles, landowners, and merchants plot against him
1688 Parliament asks William of Orange (Netherlands) and wife Mary (James II’s daughter) to oust him
William and his army march on London and James flees to France

12. Glorious Revolution
James’ daughter Mary and husband William become King and Queen
Before being crowned they have to agree to English Bill of Rights
The king now rules by the power of Parliament, not God.
This event is what is known as the Glorious Revolution!
No bloodshed
Horrible Histories (3:42)