1. England from 1603-1688  James I 1603-1625  Charles I 1625-1649  Civil War 1642-1649  Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658  Richard Cromwell 1658-1660  Charles II 1660-1685  James II 1685- 1688  William & Mary 1689

2. James I 1603-1625  Also James VI of Scotland  Divine Right of Kings  “King is from God and the Law is from the King”  The True Law of Free Monarchies  Book describing his belief in DRK

3. James’ Problems  Clashed with Puritans who wished to “purify” the Anglican Church  Parliament resented James’ Divine Right philosophy  Parliament controlled legitimate means to raise taxes

4. Charles I 1635-1649

5. Charles I (1635-1649)  Believed in Divine Right  Still squabbled with Parliament and Puritans  Had financial problems  Demanded forced loans from his subjects  Quartered troops in private homes at owners expense

6. Petition of Right 1628  Parliament forced Charles I to accept the “petition of right” before voting him new funds  Petition of right declared illegal:  Quartering of troops in private homes  Forced loans without consent of parliament  Imprisonment without specific charge  Declaration of martial law in time of peace

7. What does Charles do?  Refuses to call Parliament for 11 years! (1629-1640)  Ship Money Tax  Uses ancient law to tax coastal towns  Uses it on inland towns as well

8. Charles I Religious policies  Forced Puritans to conform to the Church of England  Relaxed restrictions against Roman Catholics  1637 Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, tried to force Anglicanism on Scotland  Scotland rebels  Charles needs Parliament to raise funds to fight

9. Parliaments response “The Grand Remonstrance”  Parliament refused to raise funds until the King responded to a list of grievances  Charles I dissolves the Parliament after only three weeks  The Short Parliament  Scots attacked Charles inadequate army  Charles agreed to pay the Scots to withdraw  Calls Parliament again…  The Long Parliament

10. Long Parliament 1640-1660  Parliament forced the King to accept a whole series of measures to limit his Royal Power  In 1642, King Charles tried to prevent further Parliamentary action by ordering the arrest of five of the leaders of Parliament in opposition to the King

11. English Civil War (1642-1649) Parliament vs. the King  Two factors led to Parliaments victory over the King:  Parliaments alliance with Scotland, John Pym persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant. This agreement committed Parliament to a Presbyterian system of Church government.  The reorganization of the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell-Independent

12. Oliver Cromwell Commonwealth 1648-1653 Protectorate 1653-1660

13. Victory over the King – The Interregnum  Cromwell’s New Model Army won a decisive victory over the King at the battle of Naesby 1645.  Parliament changed to just 40 Puritans “Rump Parliament”  Executed Charles  abolished the Monarchy  Ended he House of Lords and the Anglican Church

14. Lord Protector (1653-1658)  (1649-1650) Cromwell invades Ireland to put down any Catholic revolts  Cromwell ends the Rump Parliament and rules as a military dictator (1653)  Lord Protector of England  Dies in 1658  Son Richard becomes Lord Protector for 9 months  Parliament seeks changes

15. Charles II (1660-1685) The Restoration  “Merry Monarch”  put the fun back into England  Reopened theatres  Treaty of Dover (1670)  Needed money, frustrated with Parliament  France agreed to pay 200,000 pounds a year to Charles II  Would ease England into Catholicism  Convert to Catholicism himself  Stop supporting the Dutch in war

16. Test Act / Clarendon Codes  Tried to create religious conformity  Had to take the Eucharist in the Anglican Church  Had to follow the Book of Common Prayer  Penalties:  Could not vote  Could not hold public office  Could not teach in schools

17. James II (1685 - 1688)  Brother of Charles II  Catholic (scared parliament)  Believed in D. R. K.  Dissolves Parliament  Last straw…  Has a son - Catholic heir to the throne

18. The Glorious Revolution  Parliament wants change  Don’t want another Catholic King  Ask James II daughter to take over  Mary and William of Orange  No bloodshed William and Mary

19. Constitutional Monarchy  Monarchs power was limited by the law  All monarchs would rule with Parliament  Bill of Rights  Can’t dissolve Parliament  Freedom of speech in Parliament  No taxing without Parliament  Cabinet  Group that works with the ruling monarch and parliament  CABAL

20. Who’s Got Next?  Act of Settlement 1701  Determine the line of succession  Could NEVER be a Catholic  Mary died without child  Went to the grandson of James I  Hanoverian  German Georges’