The Power of the Church Chapter 13 Section 4
Key Terms Clergy Sacrament Canon law Holy Roman Empire Lay investiture
The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church Crowning of Charlemagne Gave the church both spiritual and political influence 300 years earlier Pope Gelasius said conflicts could arise between the church and state
The Far Reaching Authority of The Church God created two swords One for religion The other political Pope should bow to emperor (political) Emperor bow to pope (religious) Church and rulers competed for power
Structure of the Church Power based on status The pope in Rome headed the church All clergy under the pope Clergy- included bishops and priests Bishops supervised priests Bishops settled disputes over Church teachings Local priest is the main contact
Religion as a Unifying Force Feudalism separated people Shared beliefs brought them together Church stable force during warfare Provided Christians with a sense of security Religion was center stage
Religion as a Unifying Force Life was harsh Follow path to salvation Everlasting life in heaven Priests administered the sacraments Important religious ceremonies Rites pave way for salvation
Religion as a Unifying Force Baptism- became part of the Christian Community Village church unifying force Religious and social center People worshipped together Holidays festive occasions
The Law of the Church Churches authority spiritual and political Created a code of justice All kings, peasants subject to canon law Church law- marriages and religious practices
The Law of the Church Two of the harshest punishments were Excommunication Interdiction Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures
The Law of the Church King quarrels with a Pope the king would be denied salvation Also freed all of his vassals from their duty Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land
The Law of the Church People believe without the sacraments they are doomed During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands
Otto I Allies with the Church Most effective ruler in Medieval Germany Crowned in 936 Formed close alliance with the church To limit nobles strength sought help from bishops and abbots Used power to defeat German princes
Signs of Future Conflicts Otto invaded Rome on the Popes behalf Pope crowned him emperor 962 Holy Roman Empire Strongest state in Europe till 1100 Popes and Italian nobles did not like Germany’s power over Italy
The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Lay investiture-ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power Church reformers felt the king should not have this power
The Emperor Clashes with the Pope 1075 Pope Gregory banned lay investitures Henry IV called a meeting of the bishops he appointed Emperor ordered Gregory to step down Gregory excommunicated Henry
The Emperor Clashes with the Pope German bishops sided with the Pope To save his throne Henry begged forgiveness 1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa Gregory was a guest there
The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Stood in bare feet in the snow Pope was obliged to forgive him Henry spent three days in the snow
Concordat of Worms 1122 Church and emperor met Reached a compromise Church alone could appoint bishops Emperor could veto the appointment
Disorder in the Empire Frederick I First ruler to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire Invaded rich Italian cities Merchants and the Pope joined the Lombard league
Reign of Frederick I 1176 foot soldiers of Lombard league faced Frederick’s army of mounted knights Battle of Legnano Italian foot soldiers defeat the knights 1177 makes peace with the Pope Frederick drowns in 1190 empire collapses
German States Remain Separate German kings tried to revive Charlemagne’s empire and his alliance with the church Led to wars with Italian cities clashes with the pope Clashes were one reason German princes did not unite
German States Remain Separate German princes electing the king weakened royal authority German rulers controlled fewer lands Less of a base of power like French and English kings