Biologically determined Male and female fixed Socially determined Masculine and Feminine Can be change

Biological Determinism belief that all differences between men and women result from biology often used to support generalizations about men and women

gender behaviour is not innate, but socially conditioned Gender role socialization men and women are actively involved in constructing their own gendered identities learning of gender roles through interaction structures such as family, media, schools

sexual attraction toward and activity with other human beings Homosexuality: attraction toward members of the same sex Heterosexuality: attraction toward members of the other sex Bisexuality: attraction toward members of both sexes

refers to society's idea of how boys or girls or men and women are expected to behave and should be treated behaviors that can be considered "scripted" by society Gender role can vary according to the social group to which a person belongs or the subculture with which he or she identifies

The tendency of a given culture to ascribe particular traits, characteristics and roles distinctly to a man and a woman.

Family School Church Media

Led to Sexual/Gender division of labor Double Burden of Women Women lose their capacity and identity for full human development Women as well as men are victims of such stereotypes

stereotyped roles or fictitious idea of femininity and masculinity are assigned by society and therefore can be CHALLENGED and UNDONE…

Any act of gender-based violence that results or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty whether occurring in public or private life Gender-based violence is any violence inflicted on women because of their sex

DOMESTICCOMMUNITYSTATE Physical Psychological/ Emotional Sexual Economic Physical Sexual Psychological/ Emotional Political Custodial Institutional

Cultural beliefs and traditions have conditioned people to think that men and women have different roles Outdated Laws that reinforce the cultural belief that men have the dominant role in the society Many instances have been dismissed as having been caused by the women themselves Some instances have been dismissed as trivial

VAW strikes at the personhood of women VAW limits human development VAW is an issue of good governance VAW drains the country’s financial resources

RA 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 RA 8353: Anti-Rape Law of 1997 RA 8505: Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998 RA 9208: The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 RA 9262: the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 RA 3815: The Revised Penal Code

NCRFW, All About Violence Against Women, A Manual, Revised Third Edition, November 2006 Module, Input 3, The Women Question and CEDAW