Road to Rebellion Unit 2.1

French and Indian War Effects Albany Plan of Union – Attempt at unity during war. o Ben Franklin’s idea and “Join or Die” snake cartoon o Why did both Britain and some colonies not like it? Proclamation of 1763 outrage Colonists see “Redcoats” Territory Gains – 17 colonies o Cajuns o East and West Florida Taxes to pay for war

Taxes Sugar Act (1764) – direct tax but aimed to stop illegal trade with Spain and France o In many ways an enforcement of what laws? Direct and Indirect taxes – what’s the difference? Prime Minister George Grenville adds new taxes to pay for war. Colonists felt they were internal taxes, and they should be able to vote on it. “No Taxation without Representation”

Stamp Act Stamp Act (1765) – direct tax on legal papers (stamped) Stamp Act Congress – 9 colonies join together to protest act Boycotts and later repealed in March of Why?

Opposition to British Control Sons of Liberty – protested Stamp Act, harassed tax agents o Daughters of Liberty - How would they help? o Samuel Adams, Dr. Joseph Warren, Paul Revere Paxton Boys – rural PA – became famous for chant “No Taxation without Representation” Shows “backcountry” feeling isolated. Patrick Henry – gives speech to Virginia Assembly – “Give me liberty or give me death.”

Virtual vs. Actual Representation Actual Representation o True representation o What Colonies wanted o How would that actually be worse for them? Virtual Representation o Like a parent looking after you o Britain idea

The Growing Divide 1765 – Quartering Act – Colonists had to house British soldiers. o Part-time jobs by soldiers also upset colonists 1766 – Declaratory Act – after repealing Stamp Act, Britain issued this saying that they were still in charge – Townshend Acts – indirect Tax on imports o Trials in royal (admiralty) courts – not jury of peers o Led to more boycotts and smuggling

2 Ships Gaspee – 1772 in Rhode Island o Colonist set British customs ship on fire o Defendants set to court in Britain, not in the colonies Liberty – owned by John Hancock o Smuggled items w/o paying taxes o British seized w/ “show of force” o Triggered riots, 4000 soldiers set to Boston

Is this the turning point? Boston Massacre o Crowd of colonists harassed British guards o Guards fired into crowd, filling five (1 st one – Crispus Attucks) o In trial, John Adams defended the soldiers, but who did he say was at fault? o Samuel Adams referred to it as a “massacre” o Paul Revere’s artist portrayal

Tea Time Eventually all of the Townsend Acts were repealed except for some of those involving Tea. Tea Act (1773) – helped British East India Company and actually was cheaper than smuggled tea. o But Colonists did not buy it because it would show Parliament’s right to tax Boston Tea Party – 1773, dumped 342 chests Led to the Intolerable Acts

Intolerable Acts Also known as Coercive Acts o Closed port of Boston until tea was paid for o Expanded Quartering Acts power o Governor could ban Town Meetings o Increased power of Royal Governor At same time Britain passed the Quebec Act o Said Canada was separate (Canada and Florida colonies never joined Revolution.)

1 st Continental Congress o Met in Philadelphia in 1774 o 56 delegates o Declaration of Rights and Grievances o Would meet again the next year Committees of Correspondence o Formed in 1773 and 1774 o Set up communication between colonies o Why is that important? o Supported Boston

“Revolution of 1774” Although not told as much, many areas declared independence and rebelled in 1774 Several colonies overthrew royal government and set up their own assemblies Communities starting collecting weapons and trained to fight - minutemen

Other factors Newspapers and Journals Mail system helps spread propaganda Rural discontent Scotch-Irish people – little respect for British gov’t Emergence of idea of an “American”

Shot heard around the world British General Thomas Gage set force to capture supplies and arrest some leaders (Hancock and Adams) Three men went to warn: o Why is Revere so famous? At Lexington – 1 st shots fired (April 19, 1775) o Who fired them? o Eight Americans killed At Concord, British confront minutemen again o But on the march back to Boston, over 3000 colonists shot at British army and caused over 250 casualties

Reflection Questions How did the ending of the French and Indian War actually lead to the beginning of the U.S.? What was wrong with the various taxes on the colonists and how did they combat them? If you were in Britain, how would you look at the events from 1763 to 1775 and why? How did the Colonists win the war of propaganda in the 1770s?

Links re=related – video re=related re=related – School House rock – Shot heard round the world re=related 9pDZMRCpQ&feature=related – School House Rock – No more Kings 9pDZMRCpQ&feature=related ature=relmfu – Review Video ature=relmfu e.html - Boston Massacre and Revere’s Painting e.html