Chapter 8 Memory Learning that has persisted over time; information that has been stored and can be retrieved.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8 Memory Learning that has persisted over time; information that has been stored and can be retrieved

How do we accomplish memory feats? PHENOMENON OF MEMORY Jill Price http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoxsMMV538U How do we accomplish memory feats? Guess?

Working Memory Model (Expanded Stage 2 from Atkinson and Shiffrin) MODELS OF MEMORY Richard Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin 3-Stage Model 1968 Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart (1972) Levels of Processing Theory Baddeley & Hitch (1974) Working Memory Model (Expanded Stage 2 from Atkinson and Shiffrin) Research on Flashbulb Memories Brown & Kulik (1977)

Negative Correlation ENCODING “How” Automatic Processing Effortful Processing Negative Correlation Ebbinghaus

Encoding based on visual “What aids memory” Encoding for meaning Visual Acoustic Semantic p.332 Craik & Tulving Encoding based on visual Mnemonics Based on mental organization Chunking Hierarchies Class activity

Memory Storage Storing Memories in the Brain Long Term Memory Sensory Memory Iconic Echoic Research by George Sperling 1960 Miller’s Magical Number Seven, plus or minus two Working Memory Long Term Memory Limitless Storing Memories in the Brain Long term potentiation Stress Hormones and Memory Flashbulb Memories Implicit (Cerebellum) Explicit Memories (Hippocampus) Aplysia (Sea Slug) Case of H.M. (Henry Molaison)

“Memory” is any sign that something learned has been retained; RETRIEVAL MEMORY “Memory” is any sign that something learned has been retained; “Recognize” and “Relearning” count as “Memory” Retrieval Cues Mnemonic devices Priming (awakened “associations”) Context (“returning to the scene”) --“déjà vu” Mood congruent

Daniel Schacter “7 Sins of Memory” FORGETTING Daniel Schacter “7 Sins of Memory” “ATB” “MSB” “P” Myers page 350 Encoding Failures Storage Decay Ebbinghaus (again) Forgetting Curve Novel info declines rapidly, but loss “levels off” Physical trace or engram decrease (postulated change in neural tissue of brain) Retrieval Failures Interference Motivated Forgetting

Discerning True and False Memories Children’s Eyewitness Recall MEMORY CONSTRUCTION Misinformation and Imagination Effects Source Amnesia Discerning True and False Memories Children’s Eyewitness Recall Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse? Elizabeth Loftus Could you be an impartial juror on at a trial of someone convicted of sex abuse based on a recovered memory? Improving Memory Discuss—which strategies work best for you?