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Memory, Thought and Language

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Presentation on theme: "Memory, Thought and Language"— Presentation transcript:

1 Memory, Thought and Language
Unit 6 Memory, Thought and Language

2 Taking In Information Encoding Types Encoding Encoding Imagery
Automatic Effortful Types Encoding Semantic Acoustic Visual Encoding Imagery Rosy Retrospection Method Loci

3 Taking Information In:
Selective Attention Cocktail Party Effect Feature Extraction

4 Storing Information Sensory Storage George Sperling Iconic memory
Echoic memory

5 Storing Information Short-Term Memory Maintenance Rehearsal
George Miller Magical number 7 Chunking Primacy-Recency Effect Working Memory

6 Storing Information Long-Term Memory Explicit or Declarative
Semantic Episodic Implicit or Nondeclarative Procedural ***Priming

7 Storing Information Long-Term Memory Long-Term Memory Organization
Flashbulb memories Long-term potentiation Long-Term Memory Organization Conceptual hierarchy Semantic network

8 Memory Games http://www.ahaf.org/alzheimers/resources/memorygames.html

9 Memory Centers Brain Cortex Amygdala Thalamus Hippocampus Cerebellum

10 Retrieving Information
Recall Recognition Cues Reconstructive memory Confabulation Eidetic Memory Encoding Specificity Principle Context-dependent State-dependent Mood-congruent

11 Retrieving Information
Forgetting Encoding failure Retrieval cue failure Tip-of-the-tongue Decay theory Hermann Ebbinghaus Interference Proactive Retroactive Repression vs. Suppression Amnesia Retrograde Anterograde

12

13

14 You identified an innocent person.
Actually, the bomber on the roof is not in the lineup. Call it a "trick" if you want, but many jurisdictions across the country do not warn witnesses that the perpetrator might not be in the lineup, thereby pressuring the witness to make an identification. There is nothing particularly unusual or uncommon about showing a lineup that does not include the actual perpetrator to an eyewitness . All it means is that the police had a suspect (e.g., they think that John Doe did it), but he was not the perpetrator. In fact, every DNA exoneration case involving mistaken identification is exactly like that  ...  the actual perpetrator was not in the lineup that the witness viewed.

15 Retrieving Information
Elizabeth Loftus Misinformation effect

16

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18 Retrieving Information
Hermann Ebbinghaus Serial position effect Learning Curve Forgetting curve

19 Improving Memory Elaborate Rehearsal Mnemonic Devices Peg Word

20 Thought Cognitive Thinking Units of thought Image Symbol Concept
Formal concept Natural concept Prototype Rule

21 Schemas Assimilation Accommodation Scripts

22 Types of Thinking Directed thinking Nondirected thinking Metacognition
convergent Nondirected thinking divergent Metacognition

23 Thinking Strategies Formal Reasoning Informal Reasoning Algorithm
Heuristic Anchoring heuristic Representative heuristic Availability heuristic

24 IX Problem Solving Approaches . . . Associationist . . .
Cognitive IX

25 Obstacles to Problem Solving
Set Fixation Functional Fixedness Confirmation bias Overconfidence Framing Belief Perseverance Belief bias

26 Problem Solving Means-to-an-end Insight Intuition Incubation

27 Decision Making Single-feature model Additive model
Elimination by aspects model

28 Language Building block of language Phonemes Morphemes grammar Syntax
Semantics

29 Language Acquisition Noam Chomsky B.F. Skinner Benjamin Whorf
Linguistic Relativity hypothesis aka - linguistic determinism

30 Stages of Language Development
Babbling Single word 2 words together Telegraphic speech Overgeneralization of words

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