The French and Indian War Learning Objectives: We will learn about why war broke out in North America between the British and the French. We will learn why the British struggled and suffered some defeats at the beginning of the war. We will learn what changed that helped the British win the war. We will learn how the British eventually defeated the French. Chapter 5 section 1

A young George Washington, who is a soldier and surveyor in the British Army delivers a letter to the French in the Ohio River Valley demanding that the French leave. The French and Indian War Setting the Scene Chapter 5 section 1 Young George Washington

European Rivals in North America The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1

European Rivals in North America

Why did European countries like Britain, France, and Spain want to have colonies in the Americas?

Natural resources - Raw materials for the factories of the Industrial Revolution and crops not available in Europe. New customers - Trade and new customers for the many products being manufactured in Europe.

Conflict in the Ohio Valley The French and Indian War European Rivals in North America Chapter 5 section 1 France had already been trading furs with the Native Americans for many years.

Conflict in the Ohio Valley The French and Indian War European Rivals in North America Chapter 5 section 1 France had access to the best trade routes using the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.

Conflict in the Ohio Valley The French and Indian War European Rivals in North America Chapter 5 section 1 If the British colonies expanded into the Ohio River Valley, they would cut off the French territory in the north (Canada) with the French territory in the south (Louisiana). British Expansion

Native Americans Choose Sides The French and Indian War European Rivals in North America Chapter 5 section 1 You [the British] and the French are like the two edges of a pair of shears. And we are the cloth which is to be cut to pieces between them. What does the Native American mean by this quote?

Native Americans Choose Sides The French and Indian War European Rivals in North America Chapter 5 section 1 The French had peacefully trapped furs and traded with the Indians for many years. Many French trappers took Native American wives and adopted some of their culture. The French generally did not clear or destroy the Indian land. Many British colonists cleared land for farming and ruined Indian hunting grounds. Many British colonists ignored the rights of the Native Americans. The British gave some Indian tribes lower prices for trade goods.

Native Americans Choose Sides The French and Indian War European Rivals in North America Chapter 5 section 1 The Algonquins The Huron The Shawnee Most Native American tribes decided to help the French. The Iroquois a few other small tribes

TRUE or FALSE The French and Indian War was a war between the French and the Indians over trading in the Ohio River Valley. The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1

TRUE or FALSE The French and Indian War was a war between the French and the Indians over trading in the Ohio River Valley. The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 FALSE

Who was fighting who in this war? Why was it called the French and Indian War then? The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1

A Bold Young Leader The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 Young George Washington British Officer Washington was sent to build a fort to help the British control the Ohio River.

A Bold Young Leader The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 Young George Washington British Officer When Washington arrived, there was already a French fort there; Fort Duquesne.

A Bold Young Leader The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 Fort Duquesne

A Bold Young Leader The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 Fort Duquesne

Conflict at Fort Necessity The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 Instead of building right at the fork, Washington and his men quickly built a fort a little ways upstream. The fort was put together quickly out of wood and was called Fort Necessity; it was a necessity to try to defend his small army.

Conflict at Fort Necessity The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 Fort Necessity * This is a reconstruction of what the fort probably looked like that was rebuilt in the original location of the fort.

Conflict at Fort Necessity The French and Indian War Begins Chapter 5 section 1 Fort Necessity National Battlefield (Park)

The Albany Congress The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 7 Colonies met in Albany, New York. They had 2 goals: - To make a treaty with the Iroquois Indians to help them against the French. - To have a united defense of the 13 colonies against France.

The Albany Congress The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed creating “one general government” for all of the British colonies. Benjamin Franklin

The Albany Congress The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed creating “one general government” for all of the British colonies. The delegates at the Albany Congress agreed on the proposal. Benjamin Franklin

The Albany Congress The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 Benjamin Franklin from Pennsylvania proposed creating “one general government” for all of the British colonies. The delegates at the Albany Congress agreed on the proposal. But, to his surprise, not a single colonial government passed the proposal. Benjamin Franklin

The Albany Congress The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 Benjamin Franklin owned a newspaper and printing business in Pennsylvania.

The Albany Congress The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 Benjamin Franklin Translate what Benjamin Franklin is saying into “plain English”. “Everyone cries a union is necessary. But when they come to the manner and form of the union, their weak noodles are perfectly distracted.”

The Albany Congress The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 Benjamin Franklin Translate what Benjamin Franklin is saying into “plain English”. “Everyone cries a union is necessary. But when they come to the manner and form of the union, their weak noodles are perfectly distracted.” BURN!!!

Disaster for Braddock The French and Indian War A String of British Defeats Chapter 5 section 1 British General Edward Braddock The British suffered a terrible defeat at Fort Duquesne when General Braddock and his army were ambushed by the French. General Braddock was killed in the battle.

The French and Indian War The Tide of the Battle Turns Chapter 5 section 1 Newly appointed British Prime Minister, William Pitt, sends some of his best generals to the American colonies including General Jefferey Amherst. Soon, the British are winning battles and capturing forts. William Pitt British Prime Minister General Jeffrey Amherst

The French and Indian War The Tide of the Battle Turns Chapter 5 section 1

The French and Indian War The BATTLE OF QUEBEC Chapter 5 section 1

The French and Indian War The BATTLE OF QUEBEC Chapter 5 section 1

The French and Indian War The BATTLE OF QUEBEC Chapter 5 section 1

The French and Indian War The Tide of the Battle Turns Chapter 5 section 1

The Treaty of Paris (1763) The French and Indian War The Fall of New France Chapter 5 section 1 The French eventually lost the war and surrendered to the British in America and signed the Treaty of Paris giving up all of its land in Canada and North America except for the port of New Orleans (down in Louisiana).

The Fall of New France The Treaty of Paris (1763) Chapter 5 section 1

The French and Indian War So, what did we learn today? Learning Objectives: We will learn about why war broke out in North America between the British and the French. We will learn why the British struggled and suffered some defeats at the beginning of the war. We will learn what changed that helped the British win the war. We will learn how the British eventually defeated the French. Chapter 5 section 1

The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 1 So, what did we learn today? The French and British were fighting over land in the Ohio River Valley for farming and trade. The British were not prepared for fighting out in the forests of the frontier… at first. With better generals, the British began capturing forts and winning battles. The British used strategy and the element of surprise to beat the French at Fort Quebec. The British gained control of almost all of the land east of the Mississippi River.