1. French and Indian War
French controlled much of Canada, called colony “New France”
Britain and France were traditional enemies
Both countries claimed Ohio River Valley
Guerrilla Warfare: form of warfare based largely on “hit and run” tactics
Ohio River Valley: Region west of colonies that provided trade link to Mississippi and many resources

2. French and Indian War
Iroquois: powerful native tribe; allied with British
Algonquin and Huron: Native tribes who allied with French
NATIVE RELATIONS: BRITAIN V. FRANCE
French:
Did not destroy native hunting grounds
Often married native women and adopted native ways of life
Often paid for or rented land from natives
Generally respected native way of life more than British did

3. French and Indian War NATIVE RELATIONS: BRITAIN V. FRANCE British:
Took land if they wanted it
Had little respect for native way of life
Cleared hunting land for farms and settlements

4. French and Indian War
Conflict between France and England begins in 1754 – called French and Indian war because it involved fighting natives and French
British sent 22 year old George Washington to Ohio River Valley to kick French out.

5. French and Indian War
Washington took 150 men to boot the French out and build a fort
Found that French had built Ft. Duquesne at location where he planned to build fort
GW heard that French were going to attack and quickly built fortifications called “Ft. Necessity”

6. French and Indian War
French and Indians had 700 troops who used guerrilla tactics to defeat GW
GW surrendered; French released him and sent him back to Virginia

7. French and Indian War
Albany Plan of Union: plan to unite colonies under one central government
Delegate: representative or spokesperson
Delegates from 7 colonies met in Albany, NY to make alliance with Iroquois and to try to unite colonies under one government
Alliance with Iroquois was approved, but colonies did NOT agree to central government

8. French and Indian War
1755, British send General Braddock to attack French
Braddock was experienced in British army and very stubborn
Had little or no experience fighting in wilderness and against guerrilla tactics

9. French and Indian War
GW tried to warn Braddock about guerrilla tactics; Braddock ignored him
French and Indians launched surprise attack: Braddock killed; his troops defeated.

10. French and Indian War
French and Indians fight hard and drive back British; Spain supports France
British suffer defeat over and over for two years
1757 William Pitt takes control of British government; orders army to make victory against French highest priority.
1758 Brits take Ft. Duquesne and rename it Ft. Pitt – now on site of modern Pittsburgh, PA

11. French and Indian War 1759 British invade New France
Brits take capital city of Quebec; French surrender
Peace treaty signed in Paris, France, 1763 – Seven years later (War often called Seven Years War)

12. French and Indian War
Treaty: An official agreement between two countries – can be for trade, peace, or military
Terms of Treaty of Paris:
British get: Canada, all French land east of Mississippi except New Orleans, Florida
Spanish get: All French land west of Mississippi and New Orleans
France keeps: Sugar islands in West Indies, New Orleans, and two island in Gulf of St. Lawrence

13. French and Indian War
Result: England gains new lands but runs up HUGE war debt.
War was supposed to be short, but lasted 7 years.