Chapter 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages 1300 - 1450 iMater Academy AP European History Ms. Blank.

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Chapter 12: The Crisis of the Later Middle Ages iMater Academy AP European History Ms. Blank

Chapter 12 John Green – The Dark Ages: (watch to 4:05)

Key Terms/Concepts: Black Death Reactions to BD Economics of BD Peasant Revolts 100 Years War Scholasticism

Black Death: Hit Italy first (Sicily) 1347 ◦ France: 1348 ◦ England: 1349 ◦ Eastern Europe & Russia: 1351 Started in Asia w/ Mongol invasions Spread by fleas on black rats Rats came to Europe on ships; diffused through trade routes throughout Europe

“A man suffering from buboes and splotches”

Black Death: Famine killed 10% of population during 1 st ¼ of 14 th Century ¼ population dead (estimates range from 25% - 33%) Major outbreaks in & 1369 Little outbreaks until end of 15 th century

Reactions to BD: Sent by God as a punishment Caused by the Devil Flagellants—attempted to repent for man’s sins ◦ Some killed Jews ◦ Went around whipping themselves in public squares Armageddon Anti-Semitism ◦ Jews blamed for plague

“Procession of the Flagellants”

“The Black Death in a European town”

Economics of BD: Labor shortage Prices fell Aristocratic income drops 20% (England) Aristocratic position goes down Peasant position goes up Manor system weakened Taxes went up

Peasant Revolts: 1358 ◦ France ◦ Known as the Jacquerie 1381 ◦ England ◦ Known as English Peasant Revolt of 1381 Other revolts throughout Europe ◦ 1382 & 1378

Jacquerie

English Peasant Revolt of 1381: Jean Froissart's 'Chronicles 15 th Century

100 Years War: Key Causes Both English & French Royalty descended from William of Normandy ◦ Norman Conquest 1066 English royalty were vassals to French Kings based on their titles in France This issue of succession would be a recurring theme

100 Years War: Causes 1259 ◦ Henry III ceded all French territory back to France, except Germany  Moron! His father was just as stupid!! King John, lost Normandy & Anjou 14 th Century ◦ Right of Succession dispute with French king (Philip VI)  Both Edward III & Philip VI had claim to throne ◦ Edward III refused homage to French king ◦ Philip VI seized Gascony (controlled by England at this point) ◦ England declared war

100 Years War: Key Battles ◦ Battle of Poitiers  English victory ◦ Peace of Bretigny  Ransom of captured French king (he was a loser)  Had to give into England’s demands Results ◦ End of English attempts to control continental territory ◦ Beginning of English focus on maritime supremacy ◦ Huge advances in military technology and science ◦ Establishment of professional standing armies

100 Years War: 100 Years War: Battle of Crécy, 1346

100 Years War: Modern artist’s depiction Pat Nicolle

100 Years War: Battle of Agincourt (1415)

Scholasticism: Intellectual model of MA’s Championed by Peter Abelard & Thomas Aquinas Key Ideas ◦ Faith & reason can be reconciled and work together ◦ Use of philosophical knowledge in explaining and defending the truths of faith ◦ Empirical observations not important ◦ Written by & for clergy

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