1. Culture of the High Middle Ages & The Late Middle Ages 3.02: Describe events in Western Europe from the fall of Rome to the emergence of nation-states and analyze the impact of these events on economic, political, and social life in medieval Europe.

2. Architecture

3. In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, churches were built in the Romanesque style. The construction of the Romanesque churches was similar to the basilicas of the Roman era, except that instead of flat roofs, they had arched vaults. Romanesque churches required massive pillars to hold up the stone roofs, and had little light due to the lack of windows.

4. Architecture A new style, called Gothic, utilized ribbed vaults and flying buttresses to allow for higher ceilings and thinner walls. Gothic cathedrals were spectacular churches with stained-glass windows that symbolized the spirituality of the people.

5. Universities

6. The High Middle Ages saw the rise of universities. The first European university was established in Bologna, Italy. Soon, universities were set up in Paris, France, and Oxford in England. Students could earn a doctorate in law, medicine, or theology.

7. Vernacular Literature

8. Latin was the universal language used in the Church and schools. New literature began to be written in vernacular, or everyday speech. The most popular vernacular literature of the twelfth century was troubadour poetry.

9. The Black Death

10. During the 1300s, the Black Death killed approximately one-third of the European population. The plague generally followed trade routes. It devastated urban centers, and villages in Germany and England were wiped off the map. The Black Death’s most common form was the bubonic plague, which was spread by fleas on rats.

11. The Black Death The disease was so lethal, that family members often had to abandon one another.

12. The Black Death Effects of the Black Death: – Approximately one-third to one-half of the population killed – Rise in anti-Semitism – Decline in trade, labor shortages, and decreased demand for food – Decline of serfdom and the influence of the Church – Growth of cities and peasant revolts

14. The Hundred Years’ War

15. The Hundred Years’ War began in 1337 when the king of France seized the English controlled area of Gascony in France. At the Battle of Crécy in 1346, English archers using longbows devastated the French knights.

16. The Hundred Years’ War In 1415, the English king Henry V again defeated the French at the Battle of Agincourt and the English controlled northern France. A peasant named Joan of Arc believed that God had chosen her to save France. The inspired French army seized Orléans. The French eventually won the war in 1453, aided by the use of the cannon and gunpowder.

18. Vocabulary 1 Theology: the study of religion and God

19. Vocabulary 2 Vernacular: the language of everyday speech in a particular region

20. Vocabulary 3 anti-Semitism: hostility toward or discrimination against Jews

21. Vocabulary 4 Plague: epidemic disease with a high death rate

22. The Plague Video http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?T agID=5445842&ID=235859 http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?T agID=5445842&ID=235859