1. Mrs. Robinson World History iMater

3. After the 5 good emperors, a time of violence and conflict followed. The emperor became whoever had the military strength to capture the title. Many emperors met violent deaths because of this. The empire was also beginning to be invaded by tribes in the north.

4. Many economic and military problems  invasion, civil war, and plague almost caused an economic collapse. The plague affected the population and caused the military to become smaller. The empire could also not pay for any soldiers. Empire started getting soldiers from different places that weren’t loyal to the empire.

5. Divided the empire into four units. Emperor Diocletian reformed and divided the empire into four units, with their own ruler  easier to control. After him, Constantine kept the reforms and expanded them 

7. The eastern empire’s capital was in Constantinople; which Constantine called his “New Rome”. It became the center of the Eastern Roman Empire and one of the greatest cities in the world. After Constantine, the empire continued to be divided into West and East but it was never fully restored. The western part kept getting attacked by Germanic tribes from the North.

8. Already weak, the Western Empire kept getting invaded. The Huns (from Asia) came in and pushed other tribes into the Roman empire. The Visigoths moved into the Roman areas, attacked and sacked the Rome (410 AD) Other tribes like the Vandals moved all over the Roman Empire and defeated them. In 476, the emperor was killed by the German tribes (an attack was seen as the fall of the Western Roman Empire). Germanic tribes took over the Western Empire over the years.

10. Christianity started in the land of Judea (present-day Israel).

11. Jesus was a Jewish man who started his teachings around 30 AD. He went against what the other Jewish groups said. He believed it was his mission to finish the salvation that God had promised to the Jews. Jesus believed that it was the soul inside the person that mattered, not the rules or laws they followed. His greatest commandment was to “Love the Lord with all your heart, and love your neighbors as yourself.”

12. To his followers Jesus is the Messiah, the son of God. After he started sharing his story, Jesus started to be hated by the Romans. Romans thought he would cause the people to revolt against Rome. The people turned against Jesus and he was crucified by the Romans. In Christian beliefs, Jesus died on Friday; on Sunday came back to life (resurrected), and that his death paid for the world’s sin. Christianity teaches that if you accept Jesus as Lord and Savior, the people are saved from Hell.

13. Christianity began as a movement inside Judaism. When reports of Jesus’ resurrection started, Christianity started having their own followers. Jesus had 12 Apostles that spread his teachings  two main Apostles were Peter and Paul. It wasn’t long until Roman Emperors started persecuting Christians.

17. The Black Death was the most devastating natural disaster in European history. The people saw the plague as an evil force they could not understand.

18. The most common form of the Black Death was the Bubonic plague, which was spread by rats and fleas on ships. The path of the Black Death usually followed trade routes.

19. Out of a total population of 75 million, 38 million died of the plague. (Half the European population) The economy declined  trade declined, shortage of workers, falling prices of food.

20. Anti-Semitism grew, as people blamed Jews for the plague. Jews were accused of poisoning the wells in towns, and causing the plague to spread. The people thought the plague was a punishment from God, or the devil.

21. 3 Effects of the Black Death on Europe

23. Mrs. Robinson World History iMater

24. The Franks became the longest lasting tribe. The kingdom was started by Clovis, who later became the first Christian Germanic ruler. His conversion gained him the help of the Roman Catholic Church. What kind of power would this give a ruler? Why would the Catholic church want an alliance with a Germanic ruler?

25. By the end of the fourth century (300’s) the Roman Catholic Church became the supreme religion in Europe. How much power could they claim to have, if they say they’re sent from God?

26. The new king of the Frankish kingdom in 768 AD  created an empire that covered most of western Europe. Why did his kingdom prosper?  PG.289 Charlemagne had missi dominici, who served as his representatives in all the districts.

27. What 3 things did Charlemagne bring together when he became Emperor?

29. Scandinavian adventurers and barbarians. They searched for spoils of war and adventure  invaded many areas of Europe. Sacked villages and towns, destroyed churches, and defeated small armies.

30. Men who fought for their lords. The lords/nobles would then take care of their warriors. A new political and social system that exchanged work for protection

31. A type of Vassal  they would fight on horseback in the Cavalry. They were awarded lands for their fighting, called Fief. The relationships between lord and vassal were brought together by a “feudal contract.”

33. Normans took over England in 1066  took the power away from the Anglo-Saxon tribe. William of Normandy became the king of England after the Battle of Hastings. They mixed Norman and Anglo-Saxon cultures.

34. Magna Carta, “the Great Charter”  document saying people have rights It said the relationship between the king and his vassals is one of mutual rights and obligations. A king could not have absolute power  no imprisonment without charges