1. World History Chapter 14D
The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

2. A Church Divided Philip IV of France breaks the power of the Pope
Philip gets the College of Cardinals to choose a French Pope (Clement V)
The new Pope moves from Rome to Avignon, France
When Gregory XI dies while visiting Rome a new Pope is chosen
The College of Cardinals picks Urban VI (an Italian)

3. Continued
French Cardinals don’t like the choice and pick Clement VII a few months later
Urban VI and Clement VII call each other “false Popes”
This begins the Great Schism
By the time of the Council of Constance (1414) there will be three Popes
With the help of the Holy Roman Emperor, Martin V will be selected as the genuine Pope and the Great Schism will end
With all the problems of the Catholic Church professors will challenge the Church

4. Pope Martin V

5. John Wycliffe
John Wycliffe (Englishman) will state that Jesus Christ, not the Pope, was the true head of the Church
Wycliffe will also teach that the Bible alone-not the Pope-was the final authority for Christian life

6. John Wycliffe

7. John Huss
John Huss (Bohemia)-taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than the Pope

8. The Bubonic Plague Strikes
Approximately 1/3 of Europe’s population died of the deadly disease also known as the Black death
The plague began in Asia
It was spread along the trade routes
It shows-up first in Sicily on a Genoese merchant ship
It ripped communities apart
Jews were blamed for the plague
It will kill almost 25 million Europeans

9. Effects of the Plague Reduced the population Trade declined
Prices rose
Farmland was abandoned
Serfs left Manors
Manor systems crumbled
Peasant revolts occurred
The Church lost prestige
People become pessimistic
People become occupied with something other than religion
Middle Ages society collapses

10. The Hundred Years’ War Reasons for the War
Last Capetian king dies without a successor
Edward III claims the French Throne

11. Major Battles Battle of Crecy-English victory
English archers win the battle
Key weapon used was the English longbow
Battle of Agincourt-English victory
Battle of Poitiers-English victory

12. Joan of Arc She believed that heavenly voices spoke to her
The voices said to drive the English out of France and crown Charles VII, King of France
She led French troops to victories over the English (Orleans)
She was captured by Burgundians and turned over to the English
The English find her guilty of witchcraft and burn her at the stake (May 30, 1431)
She will become a saint

13. Joan of Arc

14. Charles VII

15. Impact of the Hundred Years’ War
At the end of the war England only retains the port city of Calais
War raises the power and prestige of the French monarch
War gave birth to a feeling of nationalism for England and France
War strengthened the English Parliament (“power of the purse”)
Considered the end of the Middle Ages

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