Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

The Need for Energy (9.1) All organisms need ENERGY Plants (autotrophs) obtain energy from the sun Other organisms (heterotrophs) eat plants to get the plant’s stored energy

ATP Adenosine Triphosphate = 1 adenosine molecule, 1 ribose molecule, + 3 phosphate groups Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates When the bond breaks, energy is released Phosphate can be reattached to ‘recharge’ the ATP molecule

Photosynthesis (9.2) Photosynthesis = plants use sunlight energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make simple sugars (glucose) Sunlight + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Oxygen also gets produced which we take advantage of!!! Inputs/Reactants Outputs/Products

Chloroplasts & Pigments Chloroplasts: where photosynthesis takes place (contains chlorophyll) This means only plants goes through photosynthesis

Pigments = compounds that absorb light Visible Light made up of a range of colors – ROY G BIV (rainbow spectrum) Colors that don’t get absorbed, are reflected, and are what you see

Practice You will observe lights with just your eyes and then observe lights using special glasses. The glasses will create a rainbow spectrum. You may see multiple spectrums using the glasses, answer the appropriate questions using the spectrum you see to the LEFT of the light source. Look up at one of the lights in the ceiling. – What color is the light you see without the glasses? – List the colors in the left-sided spectrum you see using the glasses, list the colors in the order you see them. Look at the RED lamp in the front of the room. – What color is the light you see without the glasses? – List the colors in the left-sided spectrum you see using the glasses, list the colors in the order you see them.

Chlorophyll give plants their green color, helps the plant absorb energy from sunlight!!! Carotenoids pigments in plants that become visible when plants stop producing chlorophyll

You need to know how to fill in this diagram!!! HONOR’S students need to be able to compare and contrast (at least 3 similarities and 3 differences) the “Light Reactions” and the “Calvin Cycle/Light Independent Reactions.”

Cellular Respiration (9.3) Cellular Respiration = mitochondria break down food molecules (glucose) and use oxygen to produce ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 36 ATP – CO 2 also get produced as a waste product – Plants use the CO 2 to make glucose Glycolysis = breaking down glucose to use its pieces to make energy, occurs in the cytoplasm Inputs/Reactants Outputs/Products

Respiration begins in the cytoplasm and ends inside the mitochondria where the ATP is produced

Respiration occurs in both plant cells and animal cells

Aerobic = requires oxygen – Aerobic respiration produces the most ATP (36 total ATP per molecule of glucose) Anaerobic = no oxygen required – Fermentation = anaerobic respiration, not as efficient 1.Lactic Acid Fermentation produces 2 ATP & Lactic Acid 2.Alcoholic Fermentation produces 2 ATP, alcohol& CO 2