1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

2. Trapping the Sun’s Energy
The process by which plants capture energy from the sun to build carbohydrates (glucose) through chemical pathways is called photosynthesis
Solar energy converts water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy stored in simple sugars
The equation that represents photosynthesis is:
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
Solar energy

3. Phases of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis requires energy from the sun, but the sun is not available 24 hours a day.
Occurs only in autotrophs
Chlorophyll absorbs the sunlight to be used to power photosynthesis.

4. The Role of Chloroplasts and Pigments
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
Oxygen is the waste gas of photosynthesis.

5. Photosynthesis Equation
Light Energy
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
chlorophyll
Carbon Dioxide from the air
Glucose
Oxygen Released
Water
Plants can use this glucose molecule for energy during Cellular Respiration. Plants can also convert this glucose molecule into other organic compounds such as proteins and fats/lipids or other carbohydrates like starch and cellulose

6. 4 Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Without CO2, the plant would not have one of the raw materials needed in the photosynthesis equation
Temperature
The temperature must be in the appropriate range for the plant in order for photosynthesis to properly occur

7. 4 Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
Intensity of Light
If the intensity of light is lower, the available energy for photosynthesis is lower.
In a greenhouse, if the light source is further away, intensity is lower and less photosynthesis can occur
If light is not available at all, the light-dependent reactions cannot occur (nor can they provide the materials used in the light-independent reactions)

8. 4 Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
Water
A shortage of water will decrease the rate of photosynthesis.
Too much water can kill a plant because it will cause the roots to rot.

9. Glucose + oxygen  water + ATP + CO2
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration: Process by which mitochondria break down food molecules (glucose) to produce ATP in plants and animals
Glucose + oxygen  water + ATP + CO2
Changes organic chemical energy (glucose) into inorganic chemical energy (ATP)
Produces 36 ATP’s per molecule of glucose.

10. Into the Mitochondria…
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria
Occurs in autotrophs (plants) and heterotrophs (animals)

11. Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + O CO2 + H2O + energy
Carbon Dioxide – waste product
Water – released
Glucose made in photosynthesis by plants or consumed by animals
ATP
Oxygen from the atmosphere
36 ATP can be made with this process. This ATP can be used by the cells for cellular metabolism.

12. Anaerobic Respiration
When oxygen is not available, anaerobic respiration occurs to produce energy.
This is not as efficient as aerobic respiration and produces only 2 ATP’s
Two types of fermentation:
Lactic acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

13. Lactic acid Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells during strenuous exercise when a lot of energy is required and oxygen is scarce.
The build up of lactic acid and in the muscles is what causes them to be fatigued and sore.
Carbon dioxide and lactic acid
are waste products.

14. Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeast and some bacteria cells are capable of alcoholic fermentation during which glucose is broken down to release CO2 and alcohol.
The bubbles formed by the CO2 make bread rise.

15. What gas is the yeast releasing?
Carbon Dioxide
What will be left over at the bottom of the flask when anaerobic respiration is complete?
Alcohol

16. Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Stores Energy as glucose
Releases Energy in glucose
Occurs in Plant Cells
Occurs in Animal Cells
Releases Oxygen
Releases Carbon Dioxide

17. Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Stores Energy as glucose
Releases Energy in glucose
Occurs in Plant Cells 
Occurs in Animal Cells
Releases Oxygen
Releases Carbon Dioxide      