Chapter 5 High Social Ranking: Large Landowners - Plantation owners Church Officials - Pastors, laymen Government Officials -Governors, Elected officials Wealthy Merchants - Bankers, General Store Owners, Trade ship owners Upper Middle Social Ranking: Small Farmers – subsistence Farmers Trades people - cobblers, blacksmiths, carpenters Low Middle Social Ranking: Renters -people who lived in town and did not own land Unskilled Workers - people without a trade Low Social Ranking: Indentured Servants-people who sold his or her labor for passage to America. They were unable to own land until they worked off their contract Slaves - Africans imported to America

Chapter 5 Characteristics of the American Identity Economy – Better economic opportunities; more chance of owning land Women and the Economy – Women could not: own land, vote, preach or hold office, their work essential to colonial survival (raised cash crops, made products, cared for farm animals, and household duties) Education – High reading rate; children taught to read the Bible; wealthy families taught children math. Religion – religion important; Great Awakening spreads religious feeling over colonies Publishing – Colonists publish own newspapers and books. Examples were Boston News-letter, Poor Richard’s Almanac Political ideas – Colonists expect “rights of Englishmen”; Enlightenment-people can improve or change their government

Remember… Owning land was a big deal – why? Remember back in England? Compare the class system and social rank. Women not allowed to vote, etc. – but there was more equality in America. Why? Think backcountry. Religion still fundamental center of a person’s life and existence in the community. Enlightenment started to change things offering a more balanced approach to life. With the increase in literacy came the blossoming of newspapers. They grew from 1 to over 80 in next 70 years. Colonists started to think of individual rights to life, liberty and pursuit of property – with land ownership increasing this became more prevalent. Further individual rights started to cause colonists to rethink their relationship with England.

Chapter 5 Land ownership determined whether you could vote or not. Exception: people who lived in town could vote if they paid a fee. Social position in America determined by whether you owned land or not since America did not have a class system like England. Great Awakening was a religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s – emphasized inner religious movement more important than outward religious behavior. Enlightenment – philosophy started in Europe that based the path of knowledge to be rooted in reason and science – not emotion. John Locke applied natural laws to society and proclaimed that man has natural rights of life, liberty and pursuit of property. Governments were man made and could be changed if the government failed in this duty to preserve and extend these rights.

Chapter 5 Roots of Representative Government Magna Carta Guaranteed rights to noblemen and freeman Rights included no seizure of property Taxes imposed only by council Limited powers of King Parliament Right to elect representatives to government Consisted of two houses in England: 1.House of Commons (elected by people), 2.House of Lords (nonelected nobles, judges, & church officials). In America - House of Burgesses.

Chapter 5 England’s Glorious Revolution The overthrow of King James II for not respecting rights of the people. Attempted to pack Parliament with officials who would overturn anti-Catholic laws. Shared Power 1. Governor 2. Governor’s Council 3. Colonial Assembly Colonists could elect representatives to an assembly (the beginning form of self government). The first forms of self-government were: 1. Mayflower Compact 2. Connecticut Fundamentals of Order Governor appointed by crown. Trial of John Zenger Trial was over freedom of press and speech.

Chapter 5 France claims western lands French explorers claim Ohio Valley, Mississippi River Valley, and entire Great Lakes region. Built forts and claimed the main settlements of Quebec & Montreal Native American Alliances Centered around furs Huron and Algonquin allied with French Iroquois with Dutch and then English English and French war saw native Americans side with allies Ohio Valley Conflict English moved into Ohio Valley. English sends GW to tell French to leave French reply-- the land is ours. England attempts to build fort at head of Ohio River French seized partially built fort and finish building it named it Fort Duquesne and settled there.

Chapter 5 War Begins & Spreads GW sent to defend Fort Duquesne and learn of its surrender continues to built Fort Necessity French attack fort Necessity GW surrenders French & Indian War begins Braddock’s Defeat Guerilla warfare introduced French & Indians fought behind trees & rocks. GW suggests English do the same, but Braddock refuses English lose battle even though they outnumbered enemy more than 2-1 British take Quebec British controlled 6 French forts & closed in on Quebec British sneak attack after climbing cliffs at night led to victory Turing point of French & Indian War

Chapter 5 Treaty of Paris of 1761 British win war. Spain tried to help France, but too late. Terms of the Treaty : Britain claimed all of North America east of Mississippi France gave Spain New Orleans Louisiana and all lands west of Mississippi British give Cuba & Philippines back to Spain France is finished in North America Pontiac’s Rebellion British refused to continue the French practice of giving supplies to Native Americans Native Americans led by Chief Pontiac attacked settlements British responded by attacking Native Americans The result was the British Proclamation that forbid colonists form settling west of Mississippi The purpose of the proclamation was to appease Native Americans The effect was that it made the colonists really angry because they viewed these lands and beyond as rightfully theirs.

Chapter 5—written response Be prepared to…explain the connection between the Pontiac Rebellion and the Proclamation Act in a written response.