Chapter 5 Lesson 1 – 4 Standards: S5P2a (demonstrate/investigate physical change) b (recognize change in matter) C (investigate matter during chemical change) S5CS3b (Measure and mix matter) d (practice safety procedures)

Lesson 1 Physical Changes Size, shape, and state A physical change is a change in the way matter looks that does not change it into a new matter. Changes in size, shape and state are all physical change. It includes cutting, tearing, folding and shattering.

Lesson 1 con’t: Common Physical Changes All physical changes require energy Moving and heating matter are common examples of physical changes. Examples: glue stick melts in a hot glue gun when heat is added (heat =energy) Melting ice by the sun (sun=energy) Building a sand castle by hand (muscles=energy)

Lesson 2 Heating and Cooling Matter Vocabulary: Heat: the flow of thermal energy from a warmer area to a cooler area Temperature: a measure of how hot or cold matter is Thermal energy: the total energy of the particles of matter

Lesson 2 (con’t) Heating and cooling matter changes the motion of its particles and the spacing between them. Thermal energy relates to the energy of the moving particles in the matter. Solid have very little energy of motion When you add heat, the thermal energy increases. The particles move faster and farther apart. When you cool matter, you remove the thermal energy; the particles slow down and move close together. Heat expand and cooling contracts

Lesson 2 (cont) Temperature describes how fast the particles of matter are moving. Particles move slow in lower temperatures Particles move faster at higher temperatures Thermometer is a tool for measuring temperature (measured in degrees) Celsius –water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees. Fahrenheit– is the scale used by the United States (o degrees describes cold weather, while 100 degrees describes hot weather.

Lesson 2 (cont) Chart on p190 When there is changes in states, the particles have not change, they differ only in arrangement.

Lesson 3 Mixtures and Solutions Vocabulary Dissolve: to mix completely by separating into particles that cannot be seen Mixture: matter made up of two or more substances that are combined physically, but keeps their individual properties Solution: a mixture in which the particles of one kind of matter are mixed evenly with the particles of other kinds of matter

Lesson 3 (cont) Mixtures and solutions are made up of two or more substances that are combined in a physical change Separating the parts of a mixture is a physical change The density of the matter will determine how fast the mixture will separate. Mixtures are all around you. Some mixtures you can separate easily because of their physical properties, other you can not separate as easy. (lemonade)

Lesson 3 (cont) Solution are not as easy to separate. Ex: Salt water—you can not see the salt in the salt water because it has dissolved. This form a solution Solutions have same properties throughout and are evenly mixed together. The particles attract to each other in a solution and one of the forms of matter becomes invisible. Sea water is the most common liquid solution on Earth. However, if you keep adding salt to salt water eventually, there will be more particles from the salt and the salt particles will take over.

Lesson 3 (cont) Solubility is a measure of how much of a substance can dissolve in another substance. This depends of the temperature and the substance that it is dissolving in.

Lesson 4 Chemical Changes Vocabulary Chemical change: a change in matter that produces new kinds of matter with different properties Chemical reaction: another term for chemical change Product: the newly formed matter in a chemical reaction Reactant: the matter that you start with in a chemical reaction

Lesson 4 (cont): New Matter Energy is involved in chemical change. Energy is either given off or taken in. Taken in-when cake batter produce a new kind of matter.

Lesson 4 (cont): New Matter Chemical changes change the atoms and molecules that make up a substance. Molecules break apart and form new combination with other atoms and molecules Resulting in new matter with different properties.

Lesson 4 (cont): Common Chemical Changes Chemical changes take place all around us and occur often. Evidence of a chemical change can include changes in color, state, temperature, odor, and energy. The products of a chemical change will have different properties than the reactants.