1. Temperature depends on particle movement Chapter 4.1
Temperature and Heat
Temperature depends on particle movement
Chapter 4.1

2. How Does Matter Change?
Put ice cube in beaker and place it on a hot plate.
How will the ice cube change?
- it will melt into water
- it will evaporate and boil into water vapor
What stays the same when the ice cube undergoes these changes?
- the molecules remained water
How is energy related to these changes?
- raises the temperature and produces the change in physical state

3. Matter is made of moving particles
Object in motion has kinetic energy
All matter is made of atoms
All atoms move
All objects have kinetic energy
Your chair has some amount of energy
Explain

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter
States that all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion.
All matter has kinetic energy
Solid - particles are held tightly together but are always in motion
Liquid – particles slide by one another and are always in motion
Gas – completely free to move around and are always in motion
Concrete are not free to move around very much. The vibrate back and forth in the same position and are held tightly by the force of attraction.
Ware in a pool moves around freely, constantly sliding around and tumbling over each other as they move.
Gas moves around at high speed, they might collide with each other but otherwise they do not interact.

5. Temperature Particles move at different speeds
Not possible to know the KE of each particle, but the average KE can be determined
Is the average KE of all the particles in an object
If an object has high temperature the particles are moving fast
If an object has low temperature the particles are moving slow
As temperature rises KE increases
Temperature

6. Temperature continued
How is temperature measured?
Thermometer – instrument to measure temperature through a regular variation of some physical property of the material inside of the thermometer
Liquid expands or contracts
Change in temperature is measured in degrees
Equal spaces between two points

7. Temperature scales Freezing point of pure water
32 degrees Fahrenheit
Developed in 1700 by Gabriel Fahrenheit
0 degrees Celsius
Developed in by Anders Celsius
Boiling Point of pure water
212 degrees Fahrenheit
100 degrees Celsius

8. Thermal Expansion Property that makes liquid filled thermometers work
Affects many substances not just alcohol and liquid mercury
All gases, many liquids and most solids expand when temperature increases
Construction Engineers need to plan for this
St Louis Arch is good example
Page 108 for examples