Paris: Capital of the 19th century

“Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. –State sponsorship –Artisanal economy –consumption

The Contentious French

The Bourbon monarchy Absolutism The academies Taste and power

The Bourbon Monarchy Louis 14 ( ) Hyacinthe Rigaud, Portrait of Louis 14, 1701

Versailles (1680s)

Versailles: Galérie des glaces and French artisanship

Louis 16 ( ) Would absolutism survive? Causes of the revolution –Debt –Privilege –Reform From fiscal to constitutional crisis

Revolution #1 ( ) 1789; popular uprising and constitutional change : the constitution unravels 1792: war. Monarchy overthrown. The 1st republic

June, 1789: Tennis Court Oath

July, 1789: Fall of the Bastille

1791-2: the constitution unravels 1792: war. Monarchy overthrown. The 1st republic Terror. Civil war. European war. Thermidor (July, 1794) The Directory

Execution of Louis 16 (Jan, 1793)

Napoleon’s rise 1793 serves under the Terror 1795 on serves under the Directory 1799 overthrows the Directory 1804 ends the 1st republic; proclaims Empire

Under the Directory: The Italian campaigns David, Napoleon Crossing the St. Bernard Pass

Jacques Louis David, The Coronation of Napoleon (December 2, 1804)

Napoleon’s legacies –War and empire –Global ramifications –Law –Institutional stability –Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon in his study (1812)

Napoleon’s “orientalist” legacy: 1798 Invasion of Egypt Description de l’Egypte Luxor Temple Rosetta Stone

Congress of Vienna The Restoration: Louis 18, then Charles : The July Revolution “three glorious days” Chas overthrown, crown goes to Louis Philippe, duc d’Orl é ans

Delacroix Liberty Leading the People

Louis Philippe, King of the French ( )

Place Louis 16, 1829

Building the Place de la Concorde, 1830s

Daumier, Le Ventre Legislatif

Louis Philippe’s star wanes the pear king (poire= nitwit)

Causes: political exclusivity, working- class unrest, European- wide economic crisis of 1840s The Second Republic ( ) Polarization and bloodshed: the June Days, 1848

From Second Republic to Second Empire Presidential elections, 1848 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte 1851 : “Rubicon” declares 10 yr term 1852 declares 2nd Empire Verdicts: –Karl Marx: history repeats itself, 1st as tragedy, 2nd as farce –Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the Revolution

Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann, and the rebuilding of Paris

Haussmann’s new streets

Street clearance for the Op é ra

The Op é ra

Manet, Caf é concert

Degas, Chanteuse au gant 1877

Monet, Blvd des Capucines, 1873