Ch. 19: The Worlds of North and South

Introduction Northerners and southerners shared –The same language –The same types of churches –A fierce pride in their country –A faith in democracy However, their outlooks and attitudes about many things were quite different. They also differed in their economies, transportation systems, and societies.

NORTH (light blue) and SOUTH (gray)

THE NORTH

Geography of the North Four distinct seasons Jagged New England coast with rocky soil Thick forests in New England Wide plains with rich soil in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey

Economy of the North Economy based on manufacturing (factories) located near rivers Steam-powered machinery Unskilled laborers worked in factories. The new reaper cut grain more efficiently than a man with a scythe

Transportation in the North National Road

Transportation in the North Steamboats and clipper ships

Canals (artificial waterways) Erie Canal - first major canal project

20,000 miles of railroads

Society of the North Growing numbers of people lived in cities because they wanted factory jobs.

African Americans were free but not equal. ≠

Many immigrants came from Ireland and Germany MAP OF EUROPE

THE SOUTH

Geography of the South Mild winters and hot, humid summers Coastal plains with swamps and marshes Rolling hills and mountain hollows Broad, flat rivers

Economy of the South Economy based on agriculture Small farms Plantations used slaves to raise cash crops, especially cotton.

Few mills and factories were built in the South because southerners put their money into land and slaves. Tredegar Iron Works was the only major factory.

Transportation in the South Steam-powered riverboats

Cotton shipped down the rivers

The Mississippi River was the mightiest southern river.

10,000 miles of railroads

The Rigid Social Class System of the South Slaves Free African Americans Small Farmers Wealthy Plantation Owners POWER

Society of the South Rich planters lived in large mansions.

Some white farmers owned their own small farms.

Free African Americans worked as craftspeople, servants, and laborers. Wealthy planters enslaved African Americans.

The Worlds of North and South VISUAL REVIEW Use the following pictures to help you remember the geography, economy, transportation, and society of the North and the South.

Geography of the North

Economy of the North

Transportation in the North

Society of the North

Geography of the South

Economy of the South

Transportation in the South

Society of the South