1. North and South
Chapter 19

2. Geography of the North
Climate: 4 distinct seasons, hot humid summer and frozen winters
Natural Features:
New England coast: shipbuilding, fishing, and trade
Rocky soil: impossible for farming
Forests: thick forests were cut down for lumber, deforestation

3. Geography of the South
Climate: mild winters and long, hot, humid summers, plenty of rain and long growing seasons
Natural Features:
Along the coast: swamps and marshes ideal for growing rice and sugarcane
Inland: soil perfect for growing tobacco and corn

4. Economy of the North
Industrial Revolution: the shift from hand manufacturing to machine/craftspeople to factories
Industrialists: a new class of wealthy factory owners
Economy grew rapidly due to new machinery that made work more efficient

5. Economy of the South
Agrarian society: people who favor farming as a way of life
Most southerners worked on small farms, but many were plantation owners who grew cash crops (cotton, tobacco, rice, sugarcane, and indigo)
Eli Whitney and the cotton gin

6. Transportation in the North
Better roads: Congress funded the “National Road” across Appalachian Mountains
Fast ships and canals
Railroads: one of the North’s biggest businesses

7. Transportation in the South
People and goods moved on rivers
Many towns and cities were along major rivers
Southerners opposed bills in Congress that would use funds to build roads and train tracks

8. Society in the North
Northerners believed ordinary people could be wealthy and influential through hard work
Immigrants: Northerners resented newcomers
African Americans: free in the North, but not treated as equals in society

9. Society in the South
White southerners: measured wealth in land and slaves
African Americans: most were slaves, very few were considered free