1. The Worlds of North & South (mid-1800s)
Chapter 19 TCI

2. NORTH SOUTH CLIMATE NATURAL FEATURES TRANSPORTATION SOCIETY ECONOMY
NORTH
SOUTH
CLIMATE
NATURAL FEATURES
ECONOMY
TRANSPORTATION
SOCIETY
Class Brainstorm

3. CLIMATE & NATURAL FEATURES
SOUTH
NORTH

4. GEOGRAPHY & CLIMATE CLIMATE PHYSICAL FEATURES ANALYSIS NORTH SOUTH
Warm, humid summers and cold snowy winters
Short growing season plus cold made farming difficult.
PHYSICAL FEATURES
Clear, fast rivers
Coastline full of bays.
ANALYSIS
Cities develop near rivers and bays.
Cities develop as trading centers.
People begin to use waterpower to run factories
CLIMATE
Warm and sunny
Long summers, mild winters
PHYSICAL FEATURES
Fields/plantations
ANALYSIS
Ideal for agriculture
Fertile soil ideal for growing crops

5. NORTH - industrialism (factories)
ECONOMY
NORTH - industrialism (factories)
SOUTH – agrarian (agriculture)

6. ECONOMY The economy of the North was based on manufacturing.
SOUTH
The economy of the North was based on manufacturing.
Many immigrants from Europe began working in factories and producing goods used by people in the North.
Many factories began producing textiles (cloth) with the cotton grown in the South.
The economy of the South was based on agriculture.
Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and indigo (a plant that was used for blue dye) were sold as cash crops. 
Cotton became the most important crop after Ely Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin.
More slaves were now needed to pick the cotton.
Slavery became essential to the South’s economy.

7. ECONOMY NORTH - industrialism (factories)
SOUTH – agrarian (agriculture)

8. TRANSPORTATION
North - Railroad
South - Steamboat

9. TRANSPORTATION Canals were mostly in the North.
SOUTH
Canals were mostly in the North.
The Erie Canal was a huge success.
Most of the railroads were in the North.
30,000 miles of track was laid by 1850.
Canals and railroads allowed northern businesses to grow.
Dependent on the steamship.
Railroads existed, but far less than in the North.

10. SOCIETY
NORTH
SOUTH

11. SOCIETY The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities.
SOUTH
NORTH
The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities.
Religion & education = organized. 
Schools and churches in most towns
Very few boys, and almost no girls went on to secondary school until ed. Reform pushed
College = reserved for wealthy
Large immigrant population from Ireland & Germany
Increase in urban living (increase in unsanitary conditions too!)
The culture of the South was determined by the upper class plantation owners and their families.
Wealth = amount of slaves you owned
Dominated by small group of wealthy plantation owners
Only children of plantation owners received any education.
Girls = trained to be wives & hostesses
Small farmers
had little or no education
Worked own farms
African Americans
Large portion = slaves (no rights, education)
Small portion = free; badges, taxes; lived in cities as servants, craftsman, skilled laborers

12. NORTH ANALYSIS WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? SOUTH ANALYSIS
ON TOP OF YOUR HANDWRITTEN NOTES ON PAGE 109 in I.N.
NORTH ANALYSIS
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
SOUTH ANALYSIS
CLIMATE
NATURAL FEATURES
ECONOMY
TRANSPORTATION
SOCIETY
Class Brainstorm

13. CLIMATE & NATURAL FEATURES (19.2, 19.3)
North
South
What does the textbook say?
Climate: freezing winters, hot humid summers
Natural Features: rocky shores, rolling plains, jagged coastline
Forests
Climate: Mild winters, long hot humid summers, rainfall
Natural Features: fertile soil, broad flat rivers, damp/marshy, wide coastal plains
What does the textbook mean?
Effects:
Perfect use for harbors
Little farms
Ship building, fishing, & commerce
Deforestation!
long growing season
Perfect place for raising warm weather crops such as indigo, cotton, tobacco
Rice & Sugar cane in marshes

14. ECONOMY (19.4, 19.5, 20.3, 20.4)
North
South
What does the textbook say?
Industrial Revolution:
Making things with machines
Replace labor with machines
More skilled labor
Industrialist:
Owners of large factories and large businesses based on manufacturing
Lowell Girls:
Young women hired by Lowell to work in his factory. First American textile
Innovations:
Cotton Gin, Scythe, Steam Engines, Steam boats, Plow, Reaper
Agrarian:
Agriculture, farming, crops
Plantation:
Heart of southern economy, cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane
Cotton Gin:
Picked cotton 50x faster, led to cotton being the largest crop in the south, increased slavery even though Eli Whitney thought it would do otherwise.
Slavery:
Increased due to demands
Slave Working Conditions:
Bad, harsh, overseers
What does the textbook mean?
Efficiency:
New methods made goods cheaper and more plentiful
Makes farming quicker, easier (gin, plow)
Slaves drove the mass production of economy

15. TRANSPORTATION (19.6, 19.7) North South What does the textbook say?
Roads:
Bad roads prior to 1800
Created a E – W road across the App. Mtns.
Water Ways:
Steamboats to go down major rivers
1817 – canal from Hudson River to Lake Eerie
Clipper Ships cut ocean travel in half
Rail:
North’s biggest business
Transcontinental Railroad
**Most rails in the North
Most frequent way of travel
What does the textbook mean?
States were more connected NSEW
Trading was easier
Westward Expansion
Cheaper than roads

16. SOCIETY(19.8, 19.9, 20.2, 20.5, 20.6, 20.7, 20.8)
North
South
What does the textbook say?
African Americans:
Formed own churches/businesses, not wealthy or powerful, not equal
Immigrants:
Four million swelled the north from European countries
Irish immigrants faced hostility
Urban Slaves:
More freedom than southern
Free Blacks:
Abolitionists
Faced racism & prejudice
Not treated as equal (did not have civil rights)
Plantation Owners:
Ruled the south, wealthy, slave owners, influential
Small minority that were free
Forced to identify themselves
What does the textbook mean?
Resistance & Rebellion
Mostly happened in the South
Resistance & Rebellion:
Runaway Slaves
Underground Railroad
Nat Turner’s Rebellion

17. READING FURTHER: The Mill Girls of Lowell