1. Sectionalism
North V. South

2. Geography of the North Four distinct seasons
jagged New England coast with rocky soil
Thick forests in New England
Wide plains with rich soil in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey

3. Economy of the North economy based on manufacturing
steam-powered machinery
Unskilled laborers worked in factories.
The new reaper cut grain more efficiently than a man with a scythe.

4. Transportation of the North
National Road
steamboats and clipper ships
Erie Canal
20,000 miles of railroads

5. Society of the North Growing numbers lived in cities.
African Americans were free but not equal.
Immigrants from Ireland and Germany

6. Geography of the South mild winters and hot, humid summers
coastal plains with swamps and marshes
rolling hills and mountain hollows
broad, flat rivers

7. Economy of the South economy based on agriculture small farms
Plantations used slaves to raise cash crops, especially cotton.
Tredegar Iron Works

8. Transportation of the South
steam-powered riverboats
cotton shipped down the rivers
The Mississippi River was the mightiest southern river.
10,000 miles of rail

9. Society of the South Rich planters lived in large mansions.
Some white farmers owned their own small farms.
Free African Americans worked as craftspeople, servants, and laborers.
Wealthy planters enslaved African Americans.