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NextGen Programs & ADS-B for GA Presenter: Isaac M. Silver, Ph.D., ATP, Gold Seal CFI/CFII/MEI, AGI Deputy Executive Director of Aviation Programs Assistant Professor of Aeronautical Science and Technology College of Aeronautics Florida Institute of Technology 2

NextGen Defined Next Generation Air Traffic Control System Programs  CATMT-Collaborative Air Traffic Management Tools  DataComm-Controller/Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC)  NVS-NAS Voice System  NWX-NextGen Weather  SWIM-System Wide Information Management  PBN-Performance Based Navigation  ADS-B – A replacement aircraft surveillance system

Performance Based Navigation Required Navigation Performance (RNP)  Based on ability of crew and plane to fly procedures  Authorization Required  3-D procedures  Part of the HITS (highway in the sky) paradigm FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

Legacy ATC System  Implemented between the end of WWII and 1960  Primary Radar  Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)  Mode 3/A and 3/C ~1957  Mode S ~  System wide upgrades approved ~1992 continuing -- Same system for ~55 years! -- FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Automatic-Does not require pilot intervention Dependent-Depends upon on board navigation systems Surveillance-Replaces 55+ year old surveillance tech Broadcast-Transmits data regularly without interrogation ADS-B OUT: The FAA’s “stick.” Mandated. Supplements SSR. ADS-B IN: The FAA’s “carrot.” Services to assist GA pilots. FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

ADS-B Coverage  ~800 ground stations planned  Surface level service available at major airports and some smaller such as X26  Interactive Coverage Map Interactive Coverage Map FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

FAA Mandate (Stick) After January 1, 2020 no person my operate an aircraft in the following airspace unless equipped for ADS-B OUT:  Class A, B or C airspace  Above 10,000 MSL excluding airspace below 2,500 AGL  Within 30 nm of an airport listed in appendix D of part 91  Above and within the lateral limits of B and C airspace  Class E airspace at and above 3,000 MSL in the Gulf of Mexico from the coastline out to 12nm If your aircraft is equipped for ADS-B OUT, the equipment must be in transmit mode at all times. 9

FAA Mandate: The Options For aircraft operating above 18,000 MSL  1090 MHz Mode S/ES Transponder paired with a qualifying WAAS GPS position source and encoder. For aircraft operating only below 18,000 MSL  978 UAT or 1090 MHz Mode S/ES Transponder paired with a qualifying WAAS GPS position source For all aircraft  Applicable STC Paperwork with supporting data  For international flights,1090 MHz hardware may be needed FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

Impact: what we stand to lose In the state of FL, non-equipped aircraft will lose access to:  43 Public Access Airports  18 Private Airports  Easy access to 16 reliever airports in the vicinity of airspace  Loss of access to a substantial amount of airspace Also, expect decreased radar based services as systems transition to ADS-B surveillance. International Implications. 11

Before/After Below 10,000 MSL FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

ADS-B IN (Carrot) FIS-B – Flight Information System Broadcast  Transmitted only over the 978 MHz link  Provides weather and flight data products  Open broadcast to all 978 Receivers TIS-B – Traffic Information System Broadcast  Transmitted on BOTH 978 MHz and 1090 MHz link  Selective broadcast to participating aircraft  Direct air-air and ground-air rebroadcast 13

FIS-B Products 14 Available to any receiver (No-TSO!) Installed Solutions (Receivers w/o GPS) Garmin GDL-84/GDL-88 Bendix/King KGX-150 Avidyne MLB-100 Freeflight FDL-978-RX Note: All require a display solution Portable Solutions (Receivers only) Stratus 1S or 2S with iPad/Foreflight Garmin GDL39 with tablet/Garmin Pilot iLevel with tablet and application

FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

TIS-B Traffic Information System Broadcast  Air to air detection between similarly equipped aircraft  Ground to air broadcast of ATC data to participating aircraft  Ground to air Rebroadcast of “off band” data (ADS-R) ADS-R complete the traffic picture and makes single band, portable receivers “powerful” traffic tools! However, must be ADS-B out enabled. FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

TIS-B FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

ADS-B: how and when? Big considerations:  You must still be equipped with a functioning Mode A/C or Mode S transponder!!!  Do you have/want WAAS GPS Navigation Capability? Solution groups:  978 UAT paired with WAAS GPS and Transponder (in/out)  978 TX paired with WAAS GPS and Transponder (out)  1090 Mode S/ES Transponder paired with WAAS GPS (out)  978 Receiver (portables included) paired with an out solution FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

The FAA Vision for Light GA 978 UAT: ADS-B in/out (if you have a good transponder)  Garmin GDL 84/88  Freeflight Systems Ranger series  BendixKing KGX series  Some other startups May require additional equipment  Display solution or wifi module for tablet  External WAAS GPS Sources  Control head or interface box to play with transponder  Up to three additional antennas FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

1090 Solutions If you have a compatible WAAS GPS Source (or want one)  1090 Mode S/ES Transponder paired to existing GPS Garmin GTX330ES Bendix/King KT74 Trig TT31  L-3 Lynx (Built in GPS providing out with limited in)  Stratus ESG (built in GPS providing out with limited in) Cheapest route to ADS-B OUT compliance with potential for largest increase in capability IF you need a transponder. Takes care of UAT/Transponder compatibility issues. FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

My opinions, take them as you may  If you fly IFR, have an old transponder and no WAAS GPS then you should consider Mode S/ES and installing a Navigator for airport access.  If you fly IFR or VFR, have an old transponder and existing WAAS GPS Navigator then you should consider the Mode S/ES and a cheaper 978 Receiver if desired. If your transponder is good, then 978 UAT may be an option too.  If you fly IFR or VFR, have an existing working transponder but no WAAS source and don’t care about having a WAAS navigator then there are various levels of 978 UAT solutions with built in GPS: out, in/out.  If you have a VFR only plane and you don’t need to fly in ADS-B airspace then you might consider delaying but there may be future penalties. FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

My Opinion Continued Thoughts on when to make the change:  Short answer is between now and 2018 or wait until post 2020 if you want to go that route.  The ADS-B market is not “normal” and hardware pricing may not respond as expected.  Installation cost is a significant part of the bill and labor rates are going up.  Shop capacity is limited (we can handle ~2/mo)  Right now boxes are easy and cheap(ish)  Consider doing this piecemeal if cost is a factor FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics

Final Tip ADS-B installations are not yet common and some unexpected conflicts, especially with older hardware, are likely to occur. There may be ADS-B “Exceptions” due to software issues even if hardware passes all the tests. The FAA has a system to confirm compliance FIT Aviation, LLC – College of Aeronautics