1. Normal and Emergency Communication Procedures
INITIAL GROUND

2. Elements
1) Company Normal Communication Procedures • Radio (VHF, HF and SELCAL) • ACARS and SATCOM • Phone Patches • Communications with ATC Facilities 2) Emergency Communications • Alerting of proper governmental, company, and private agencies during emergencies to give maximum help to an airplane in distress
INITIAL GROUND - GENERAL OPERATIONAL SUBJECTS
Normal and Emergency Communication Module
Normal and Emergency Communication Procedures Hr
Objective: To develop knowledge in Baltia normal and emergency communications procedures.
Completion Standards: Each Crewmember will demonstrate knowledge of the topics through classroom
discussion and lecture.

3. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS GENERAL
Baltia aircraft have installed
Three different independent radio systems each with a separate antenna installation.
Two TSO-C112 Mode S ATC Transponders
Pilot/Controller communications
Standard Phraseology
Vigilant Monitoring Techniques
FOM 14.1
Baltia aircraft have installed three different independent radio systems each with a separate antenna installation.
Baltia aircraft are equipped with two TSO-C112 Mode S ATC Transponders.
1) Pilot/Controller communications are an essential element in the safe and efficient operation of aircraft. To
avoid the potential hazard of misunderstanding, all radio communications will be conducted in a clear,
concise, professional manner. All Crewmembers will use established radio communications procedures and
proper phraseology.
2) Pilots are to maintain vigilance in monitoring air traffic control communication frequencies for potential traffic
conflicts with their aircraft - especially when operating on an active runway and/or when conducting a final
approach to landing.
3) The Pilot/Controller Glossary located in the Air Traffic Control section of the AIM contains all the accepted
phraseology and definitions necessary to communicate effectively in the ATC system.

4. VHF Communication System
There are three separate VHF radio systems, each with its own antenna. • VHF 1 and 3 antennae are located on top of the aircraft. • VHF 2 antenna is located underneath the fuselage.
AOM V2 4.2
VHF Communication System
There are three separate VHF radio systems, each with its own antenna.
• VHF 1 and 3 antennae are located on top of the aircraft.
• VHF 2 antenna is located underneath the fuselage.
Due to antenna location, VHF 2 radio may experience interference when used on the ground, or it may
provide greater VHF range when airborne.
The VHF radio control panels are located on the center pedestal.
• VHF 1 is on the captain’s side.
• VHF 2 is on the first officer’s side.
• VHF 3 is dedicated to ACARS and is tuned through the ACARS CDU.

5. HF Communication System
There are two separate HF radio systems, each with its own wingtip antenna and tuner. The HF radio control panels are located on the center pedestal. • HF 1 is on the captain’s side. • HF 2 is on the first officer’s side.
AOM V2 4.2

6. SELCAL System
The selective calling (SELCAL) panel is located on the overhead panel. Two separate systems are installed. A SELCAL system alerts the crew to an incoming HF or VHF radio call with a chime and a flashing light.
AOMv2 4.3

7. Commercial Communication Services
Satellite Phones (Sat-Phone)
VHF & HF air-ground Communications
Aeronautical Radio – ARINC (Primary USA)
Stockholm Radio
FOM 14.1
Commercial Communication Services
Baltia uses Satellite Phones (Sat-Phone) installed on board the aircraft for primary communication contact with
Flight Operations. Additionally, Baltia has contracted with several commercial communication services to provide
backup enroute VHF and HF air-ground communications between our aircraft and Baltia Flight Operations.
Currently Baltia has contracts with Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC), Universal Weather (Houston Radio) and
Stockholm Radio. Baltia’s primary US Flight service is ARINC.
The flight crews shall use SELCAL to monitor ARINC or other

8. Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)
The system allows both manual and automatic communications.
• Events such as OUT, OFF, ON, and IN times are down-linked automatically as they occur
• Pilot requests for information may be uplinked to the aircraft, such as:
- pre-departure ATC clearances (PDC)
- weather observations and forecasts
- load (weight and balance) data
- takeoff and landing performance data
- gate assignments
AOM V2 4.4
General Operating Procedures
Introduction ACARS is a communication system providing a data link between the aircraft and a groundbased
communication network. Information is sent as a digital signal and is transmitted over VHF radio.
Therefore, there are gaps in coverage over ocean areas and some remote land masses.
Various companies provide data communications networks throughout the world. The specific VHF
frequency for datalink operations is determined by the company that provides the ground network for that
geographic region.
The system allows both manual and automatic communications.
• events such as OUT, OFF, ON, and IN times are downlinked automatically as they occur
• pilot requests for information may be uplinked to the aircraft, such as:
- pre-departure ATC clearances (PDC)
- weather observations and forecasts
- load (weight and balance) data
- takeoff and landing performance data
- gate assignments

9. 1) Company Normal Communication Procedures
• Radio (VHF, HF and SELCAL)
• ACARS and SATCOM
• Phone Patches
• Communications with ATC Facilities

10. Responsibility
• The Captain is responsible for the proper use of all electronic equipment aboard the aircraft. The use of these systems shall be in accordance with 14 CFR and FCC regulations. • The Captain is responsible for all communications with Air Traffic Control (ATC) or other Government facilities and flight progress reports to Baltia, as required. • The Captain may delegate the use of such equipment to other crewmembers. Normally, the pilot not flying will handle all routine Baltia communications.
FOM 14.1

11. VHF Air-Ground Communications
If the crew must speak directly with Flight Operations or Maintenance Control, then ARINC may be used.
Standard radio procedures should be used. Flight should identify by Baltia's name followed by flight number.
Phone patches can be established by advising the operator that a patch is desired.
Flight Operations may request that a crew contact them via phone patch through SELCAL or a message through the appropriate center frequency.
Departure and Post Flight Messages.
FOM 14.8

12. Departure Messages
Contact the departure handling agent after passing 10,000 feet and completion of the After Takeoff/Go Around Checklist and report the Out Time, Off Time, Departure Fuel and ETA for the next airport.
Arrival Messages
Contact the handling agent after completion of the Parking Checklist and report the On Time, In Time, and Fuel Remaining.
FOM 14.8

13. PERMISSABLE COMMUNICATIONS
Transmissions over radio are restricted to communications that pertain to the safe, expeditious, and economical operation of the flight.
FOM 14.8

14. Radio Malfunction Reports
The Pilot in Command, while in controlled airspace under IFR shall report as soon as practical to ATC any malfunctions of navigational approach, or communication equipment occurring in flight. In each report required the Pilot in Command shall include the following:
• Aircraft identification
• Equipment affected
• Degree to which the capability of the pilot to
operate under IFR in the ATC system was impaired.
• Nature and extent of assistance desired from
ATC.
FOM 14.9

15. • The nearest FAA Flight Service Station; • other aircraft as relay
In the event that direct communication with ATC cannot be established or maintained, contact:
• The nearest FAA Flight Service Station;
• other aircraft as relay
• ARINC or other paid radio service as relay
• Company Flight Operations.
FOM 14.9

16. Two-way radio failure
In the event of total two-way radio failure squawk • If the failure occurs in VFR conditions, or if VFR conditions are encountered after the failure, the flight should be continued under VFR conditions and proceed to the nearest suitable airport. If the failure occurs in IFR conditions, or if VFR conditions cannot be maintained, the flight should continue in accordance with the following: Route Altitude Leaving Clearance Limit
FOM
Route
• Fly the route last assigned by ATC, or;
• if the flight is being radar vectored, by the direct route from the point of radio failure to the fix, route,
or airway specified in the vector clearance, or;
• in the absence of an assigned route, by the route that ATC has advised may be expected in a further
clearance, or;
• in the absence of an assigned route that ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance,
by the route filed in the flight plan.
Altitude
• Maintain the highest of the following altitudes of flight levels for the route segment being flown:
• the altitude or flight level in the last ATC clearance received, or;
• the minimum altitude for IFR operations, or;
• the altitude or flight level ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance.
Leaving Clearance Limit
• When the clearance limit is a fix from which the approach begins, commence descent or descent
and approach as close as possible to the expect further clearance time if one has been received, or
if one has not been received, as close as possible to the ETA as calculated or filed or amended with
ATC.
• If the clearance limit is not a fix from which the approach begins, leave the clearance limit at the
expect further clearance time if one has been received, or if none has been received, upon arrival
over the clearance limit, and proceed to a fix from which the approach begins and commence
descent or descent and approach as close as possible to the estimated time of arrival as calculated
or filed or amended with ATC.

17. Emergency Frequencies
VHF is monitored by ATC, control towers, DF stations, radar facilities, Flight Service Stations, ocean station vessels.
Distress frequency provides a clear channel between an airplane in distress, or conditions of emergency, and ground stations.
FOM 14.7

18. In general, is available for: • search and rescue between aircraft, either civil or military, or between aircraft and surface station; • establishing air-to-ground contact by lost aircraft; • emergency direction-finding purposes; • VHF air-ground communications between aircraft and ocean station vessels, when service on other VHF channels is not available; or, • Emergency VHF communications, when circumstances beyond control of the airman prevent communications between the aircraft and ground stations on other, regularly assigned channels.
FOM 14.7

19. Declaring an Emergency May be Accomplished by
• An emergency radio message; or
• Setting transponder code to 7700;
• Company VHF Communications
FOM 14.7

20. Questions