“Stationary Animals that Eat Sunlight!!” Plants!!! “Stationary Animals that Eat Sunlight!!”

What is a plant? Plants are multicellular Eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose and carry out photosynthesis using green pigments called chlorophyll.

Overview of the Plant Kingdom Four Main groups of Plants: Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms - cone bearers Angiosperms - flowering plants

Overview of the Plant Kingdom!!!

Overview of the Plant Kingdom Four Main groups of Plants:

Have spores, not seeds - Have no roots Mosses!! Have spores, not seeds - Have no roots

Also have spores not seeds Have roots Ferns!! Also have spores not seeds Have roots

Are cone bearing plants like Pine trees Their seeds are naked! Gymnosperms! Are cone bearing plants like Pine trees Their seeds are naked!

Angiosperms! Are flowering plants!! Their seeds are surrounded by a fruit. They make up 90% of all plants alive today

Plant Classification Plants Non-flowering Flowering 1 seed-leaf 2 seed-leaves Spore-bearing Naked seeds Monocots Dicots Gymnosperms No roots with roots Mosses Ferns

Angiosperms! Monocots Dicots Angiosperms are divided into 2 distinct groups named for their number of seed leaves: Monocots Dicots

Monocots vs. Dicots

Angiosperms! Stems can be: Herbaceous – green and soft stemmed. Ex: dandelions Woody – tough and strong stemmed. Ex: trees and roses

Angiosperms! Lifespan can be: Annuals – live ONLY one year Biennials – live ONLY two years Perennials – live many years

Plants have three main organs: Roots Stems Leaves Plant Parts!!! Plants have three main organs: Roots Stems Leaves

Plant Parts!!! Plant Organ Function Roots Absorbs water and nutrients. Anchors plant to the ground. Stems Supports the plant body. Transports water and nutrients. Leaves Capture sunlight for photosynthesis Gas exchange (stomata)

Plant Vascular (transport) Systems! A plant’s vascular system (think veins) carries water and sugary sap all the way through the plant from roots to stem to leaves.

Plant Vascular (transport) Systems! Two types: 1. Xylem – carries water from roots to rest of the plant 2. Phloem – carries sugars (called sap) from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Plant Roots! Two Main Types: Fibrous Roots – fine, branching roots (Ex.: grasses) Tap Roots – one large root (Ex: carrots!)

Tap vs. Fibrous Roots

I want you to be aware of: Rhizomes - a specialized underground stem. Plant Stems! I want you to be aware of: Rhizomes - a specialized underground stem.

Rhizomes

Rhizome vs. Rhizoid

Stomata are opened and closed by guard cells that surround the stoma. Plant Leaves! Stomata (opening on underside of leaves for gas exchange) are found here. Stomata are opened and closed by guard cells that surround the stoma. Closing stomata prevents water loss and keeps the plant from drying out.

Stomata/Guard Cells

Plant Kingdom Non-flowering Plants Flowering Plants

Non - flowering Plants Do NOT produce flowers . 3 groups Non - flowering Plants Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Do NOT produce flowers

Flowering Plants . 2 groups Monocotyledons Dicotyledons . roots, stems, leaves . vascular tissues (transport) . flowers, fruits (contain seeds)

Plant Classification Plants Non-flowering Flowering 1 seed-leaf 2 seed-leaves Spore-bearing Naked seeds Monocots Dicots Gymnosperms No roots with roots Mosses Ferns