The Renaissance means “rebirth”

1350 until 1600 Europe’s cultural awakening=New ideas Go from Middle Ages to Modern Era

Renaissance Video#1

Began in Florence, Italy Center of trade in Mediterranean Italian Renaissance Began in Florence, Italy Center of trade in Mediterranean

Humanism- Study of humanity Interest in Greek & Roman classics; more focus on individual 1.) History 2.) Philosophy 3.) Latin 4.) Greek

Seeking fulfillment in daily life Ideal person—who can do anything (Renaissance Man)

Humanist Writing- daily life & feelings Petrarch—introduced Sonnet poetry

Italian Cities: Social Order 1.) Wealthy (merchants & bankers) 2.) Middle Class (artisans & shopkeepers) 3.) Lower Class (poor workers) 4.) Peasants (farmers)

Florence, Italy Medici family ruled (bankers) Used tax money to patron artists

Brunelleschi- Dome on Cathedral of Florence

Donatello- Bronze David

Medici Rule Ruled through threats & payoffs Pazzi family conspiracy – Lorenzo stabbed in church on Easter Pope puts Florence under interdict & excommunicates Lorenzo When Lorenzo dies, Renaissance shifts from Florence to Rome

Medici Pope Giovanni becomes Pope Leo X Cardinal at age 16 Sold many indulgences – Martin Luther spoke out against him

Machiavelli’s The Prince Supports absolute power A ruler must do some evil “The end justifies the means.”

Machiavelli Petrarch

Rome, Italy Pope paid artists to decorate churches

St. Peter’s Basilica was built during this time (Michelangelo)

Art Lifelike Religious subjects Used perspective (to show depth) Studied anatomy Gestures & expressions

Leonardo da Vinci -artist, writer, scientist, inventor, etc. Mona Lisa & Last Supper

Michelangelo Sculpted David & La Pieta Painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel

Northern Renaissance Ideas spread through trade & PRINTING PRESS 1440—Johannes Gutenberg-moveable metal type for printing press

Gutenberg Bible

Renaissance Video #2

Northern Renaissance Humanism & Christianity together—Christian Humanists Desiderius Erasmus The Praise of Folly- criticized Catholic Church

Erasmus

Northern Renaissance Jan and Hubert van Eyck 1st to use oil paints Realism-Scenes of everyday life

1434 – From Arnolfini Portrait

Albrecht Durer Paintings & wood cuts “Praying Hands” Northern Renaissance Albrecht Durer Paintings & wood cuts “Praying Hands”

Northern Renaissance 1485-Renaissance comes to England Sir Thomas More-Criticized English society in Utopia Need for order & discipline

Sir Thomas More

Northern Renaissance William Shakespeare -most famous English Renaissance writer Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, etc.

William Shakespeare