1. “Rebirth” 1300-1500s-ish Move from medieval to modern

2. Why did it begin in Italy? 1. Location Legacy of Ancient Rome Catholic Church

3. Why did it begin in Italy? 2. Trade Revival Mediterranean Sea & many ports City-states Powerful family Wealthy merchant class

4. Why did it begin in Italy? 3. Patrons Florence & the Medici Bankers “Uncrowned Kings” Patron—supporter of arts Learn from Classical (Roman) art—what are the characteristics of Roman art?

5. Time of cultural creativity and political change

6. New World View: Influenced by Greece & Rome Middle Ages seen as “backwards” Focus on eternal, religion Focus on the individual & human experience (here and now) “Man can do all things, if they will” –Leon Battista Alberti Adventure and Exploration The Prince by Machiavelli Describes the perfect prince “The end justifies the means,” “It is better to be feared than loved,” “ Force and prudence, then, are the might of all the governments that ever have been or will be in the world” “Renaissance Man”—talent in everything The Courtier (1528) by Castiglione

7. The Courtier A true man should be: Charming, witty, & well-educated in the classics Skilled in sword-fighting, wrestling, & horse riding Dance, sing, play music, write poetry Above all, have self-control and be well-mannered

8. Humanism Response to Medieval scholasticism Classical (Grk-Rmn) Studies worldly subjects > religious studies Find fulfillment in daily life Education fuels creativity Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history “Father of Humanism”: Petrarch

9. New Techniques in Art Religious topics, famous people Realistic Perspective—try to paint 3D Shading & Reflection of Light

11. Leonardo da Vinci The Essential Renaissance Man Artist, musician, scientist, inventor, engineer….. Most famous artist: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

12. Michelangelo Sculptor Pieta, David Artist Sistine Chapel in Rome Four years Most done standing on a platform Architect Designed St. Peter’s Basilica Dome Never finishes

14. Raphael Artist Blends Christian and Classical Modannas (mother of Christ) School of Athens

15. Donatello Sculptor Realism and natural (Greek)

16. Albrecht Dürer “German Leonardo” Studies in Italy & brings ideas back to Germany Engravings, religious themes, details Uses math and science in art

17. Other Artists Jan & Hubert van Eyck Everyday life Rich detail Pieter Bruegel Vibrant colors Peasant life Hans Holbein the Younger German Portraits Realistic & Symbolic

18. Northern Writers Erasmus: Dutch Priest, Christian Humanist Classical knowledge in Christian studies Spreads ideas to wider public Called for church reform & Bible in vernacular Thomas More English Social Reform Utopia—ideal society

19. William Shakespeare English poet and playwright Common themes in everyday settings Used common language Very popular favorite of Queen Elizabeth I

20. The Globe Theatre

21. Gutenberg First printing press with moveable type Printed Bible Books are now: Easy to produce Cheap Available to all Ideas spread quickly