1. The Renaissance Chris Anderson Randolph-Henry High School Chris Anderson Randolph-Henry High School

2. The Renaissance The Renaissance lasted from 1350 until 1600 Western Europe experienced a cultural awakening –Europe was moving from the Middle Ages into the Modern Era –People began to develop new ideas about the world around them The Renaissance lasted from 1350 until 1600 Western Europe experienced a cultural awakening –Europe was moving from the Middle Ages into the Modern Era –People began to develop new ideas about the world around them

3. The Italian Renaissance The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy Italy was in an ideal location to be the birthplace of the Renaissance –Close to the old Byzantine Empire –Center of trade in the Mediterranean The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy Italy was in an ideal location to be the birthplace of the Renaissance –Close to the old Byzantine Empire –Center of trade in the Mediterranean

4. Italian scholars began to take lots of interest in the classical writing of the Greeks and Romans This increased interest in the classics is called humanism Humanists studied Greek and Latin works, old manuscripts, and even tried to copy the old works Italian scholars began to take lots of interest in the classical writing of the Greeks and Romans This increased interest in the classics is called humanism Humanists studied Greek and Latin works, old manuscripts, and even tried to copy the old works

5. Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs 1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life 2.) all people have dignity and worth 3.) the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man) Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs 1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life 2.) all people have dignity and worth 3.) the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man)

6. Humanists began opening schools to introduce the classics to people and teaching only 4 subjects: –1.) History –2.) Philosophy –3.) Latin –4.) Greek Humanists began opening schools to introduce the classics to people and teaching only 4 subjects: –1.) History –2.) Philosophy –3.) Latin –4.) Greek

7. Humanism brought about new types of writing—moving away from religion –People wrote about daily life and feelings Started using the vernacular (everyday speech) Petrarch—introduced the Sonnet –A new way to express ideas in poetry Humanism brought about new types of writing—moving away from religion –People wrote about daily life and feelings Started using the vernacular (everyday speech) Petrarch—introduced the Sonnet –A new way to express ideas in poetry

8. Machiavelli—wrote The Prince The Prince was a book about Italian government Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil Machiavelli—wrote The Prince The Prince was a book about Italian government Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil

9. Petrarch Machiavelli

10. Italian City Life Feudalism was easily thrown away in Italy Most Italian cities were wealthy and self-controlling Feudalism was easily thrown away in Italy Most Italian cities were wealthy and self-controlling

11. A new social order was created in the Italian city-states because money and wealth were more important than land ownership 1.) Wealthy Merchants and bankers 2.) Middle Class (artisans and shopkeepers) 3.) Lower Class (poor workers) 4.) Peasants--farmers A new social order was created in the Italian city-states because money and wealth were more important than land ownership 1.) Wealthy Merchants and bankers 2.) Middle Class (artisans and shopkeepers) 3.) Lower Class (poor workers) 4.) Peasants--farmers

12. Italy was NOT a unified nation during the Renaissance Each city-state was independent of the others Frequently, the peasants would revolt against the wealthy rulers—usually, unsuccessfully Italy was NOT a unified nation during the Renaissance Each city-state was independent of the others Frequently, the peasants would revolt against the wealthy rulers—usually, unsuccessfully

13. 1400s—social unrest was so bad that many city-states turned power over to a single leader, hoping to restore peace Signori –The leaders were called the Signori –Signori were like dictators—they used threats and violence to keep peace 1400s—social unrest was so bad that many city-states turned power over to a single leader, hoping to restore peace Signori –The leaders were called the Signori –Signori were like dictators—they used threats and violence to keep peace

14. Italian City Life City-states also fought with each other over the control of land City-states would hire soldiers to fight The richer city-states would have the most and best soldiers City-states also fought with each other over the control of land City-states would hire soldiers to fight The richer city-states would have the most and best soldiers

15. There are three (3) important city- states that played major roles in the Italian Renaissance –1.) Florence –2.) Rome –3.) Venice There are three (3) important city- states that played major roles in the Italian Renaissance –1.) Florence –2.) Rome –3.) Venice

16. The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy Florence was ruled by the Medici family in the 1400s—made their $ through banking The Medici’s allowed the ideas of humanism to spread through Florence The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy Florence was ruled by the Medici family in the 1400s—made their $ through banking The Medici’s allowed the ideas of humanism to spread through Florence Florence, Italy

17. The 1 st Medici to rule Florence— Cosimo de Medici Florence, Italy

18. Cosimo placed a heavy tax on the rich people of Florence Cosimo used the money to make improvement to the city Cosimo placed a heavy tax on the rich people of Florence Cosimo used the money to make improvement to the city Florence, Italy

19. Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence after his grandfather, Cosimo, died Lorenzo ruled from 1469 until 1492 Lorenzo kept his grandfather’s heavy tax Lorenzo used the money to patron artists and writers Lorenzo de Medici ruled Florence after his grandfather, Cosimo, died Lorenzo ruled from 1469 until 1492 Lorenzo kept his grandfather’s heavy tax Lorenzo used the money to patron artists and writers

20. The Medici’s were forced to hand power over to Savonarola because Florence had lost control over Europe’s cloth trade

21. Savonarola criticized the many vices in Florence –Gambling, parties, paintings, swearing, etc. He also criticized the Catholic Church Savonarola criticized the many vices in Florence –Gambling, parties, paintings, swearing, etc. He also criticized the Catholic Church

22. The Renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s The Pope/Catholic Church controlled Rome The different Popes rebuilt the city The Popes commissioned many different artists to decorate the palaces and churches The Renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s The Pope/Catholic Church controlled Rome The different Popes rebuilt the city The Popes commissioned many different artists to decorate the palaces and churches Rome, Italy

23. St. Peter’s Basilica was built during this time Rome, Italy

25. Renaissance Pope’s became very corrupt, caring more about money and politics than spiritual matters The Popes wasted money on luxuries Many Europeans began to question the Church Renaissance Pope’s became very corrupt, caring more about money and politics than spiritual matters The Popes wasted money on luxuries Many Europeans began to question the Church

26. Venice, Italy City located over hundreds of small islands Venice had a monopoly over the trade with Asia—made Venice $$$$$$ Venice was the wealthiest Italian city- state in the Late Renaissance City located over hundreds of small islands Venice had a monopoly over the trade with Asia—made Venice $$$$$$ Venice was the wealthiest Italian city- state in the Late Renaissance

27. DogeVenice had a republican form of government, headed by a Doge The Doge controlled the day-to-day activities of the city DogeVenice had a republican form of government, headed by a Doge The Doge controlled the day-to-day activities of the city

29. Renaissance art was lifelike and captivating Most art was still centered around religion Artists began to experiment with new techniques –Perspective –Studied anatomy –Used gestures and expresions Renaissance art was lifelike and captivating Most art was still centered around religion Artists began to experiment with new techniques –Perspective –Studied anatomy –Used gestures and expresions Artistic Achievements

30. Architecture Filippo Brunelleschi built the dome above the Cathedral of Florence Architecture Filippo Brunelleschi built the dome above the Cathedral of Florence Brunelleschi’s Dome

31. Painting and Sculpture Early Renaissance sculptors copied the classical works Statues were realistic Renaissance painters used new techniques to create realistic images in their works Painting and Sculpture Early Renaissance sculptors copied the classical works Statues were realistic Renaissance painters used new techniques to create realistic images in their works

32. Michelangelo was a painter and sculptor Sculpted David and La Pieta Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Michelangelo was a painter and sculptor Sculpted David and La Pieta Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

33. David

34. La Pieta

35. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

36. Donatello was a sculptor He was the 1 st to use bronze since ancient times Donatello was a sculptor He was the 1 st to use bronze since ancient times

38. Leonardo da Vinci was an artists as well as writer, scientist, inventor, etc. His famous works are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci was an artists as well as writer, scientist, inventor, etc. His famous works are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper

39. The Last Supper

42. Northern Renaissance  By the late 1400s, the Renaissance had moved to the Northern areas of Europe  Renaissance ideas spread through contact and by the printing press

43.  1440—Johannes Gutenberg developed moveable metal type for the printing press  This innovation allowed for more books to be printed

45. Gutenberg Bible

46.  1494—the French invaded Italy  The King decided to bring a “piece” of the Renaissance back to France  He brought with him Leonardo da Vinci back to France

47.  French Renaissance  Chateaux—castles built with a mixture of Gothic and classical style  French writers wrote sonnets, satires, comic tales, and parodies

49.  Germany and the Low Countries  German and Dutch began to replace Latin in writing  Lots of books were printed  Art took on a very religious tone  Humanism and Christianity were blended together—Christian Humanists

50.  Christian Humanists wanted to Church to be more like the original Church  Most famous Christian humanist— Desiderius Erasmus  Erasmus believed his colleagues should be able to read Greek and Hebrew so they could read the original version of the Bible

51. Erasmus

52.  2 Flemish brothers changed the way painting was done—Jan and Hubert van Eyck  They were the 1 st to use oil paints Allowed for brighter colors Allowed for brighter colors Easy to make changes Easy to make changes

55.  Albrecht Duhrer was another artist known for his Renaissance works  He created painting and wood cuts

57.  English Renaissance  1485—The War of the Roses is over in England and the Renaissance comes to England  The English Renaissance was known for its writers

58.  Sir Thomas More was a very famous English Humanist He criticized English society in his Book Utopia He criticized English society in his Book Utopia

59.  William Shakespeare is probably the most famous English Renaissance writer  He wrote plays, sonnets, and essays Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Othello, etc. Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Richard III, Henry V, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Othello, etc.