Chapter 3 Note Cards

1. 14 th Amendment Declared all persons born or naturalized in US as citizens All citizens entitled to “equal protection of the laws” States that denied African Americans the right to vote were punished Denied all claims for Confederate Debt

2. 15 th Amendment States that no citizen can be denied the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

3. Reconstruction Program implemented by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair damage to the South caused by the Civil War and restore the southern states to the Union.

4. Freedmen’s Bureau Radical Republican plan that received Presidential support. Its goal was to provide food, clothing, healthcare, and education for both black and white refugees in the South.

5. Black Codes Laws that sought to limit the rights of African Americans and keep them as landless workers. Allowed blacks to only work in certain occupations, prohibited African American’s from owning land, and set up laws forcing blacks to work.

6. Wade-Davis Bill Passed in 1864 it required that a majority of a state’s prewar voters swear loyalty to the Union before the process of restoration could begin.

7. Andrew Johnson President Abraham Lincoln’s Vice President, who took over as President following Lincoln’s assassination. The only Southern Senator who refused to join the Confederacy, when his home state of Tennessee seceded in He was against equality for the former slaves. He was impeached by Radical Republicans, but was not removed from office.

8. Radical Republican’s Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, these individuals in congress insisted that the Confederates had committed crimes by enslaving African Americans and by entangling the nation in war.

9. Scalawag A Negative term for Southern whites who supported the Republican Party after the Civil War. These were white men who had been locked out of pre-Civil War politics by their wealthier neighbors.

10. Carpetbagger Is a negative term for a Northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War, seeking to improve their economic or political situations, or help make a better life for freedmen.

11. Sharecropping A system that embraced much of the South’s black and white poor. Under the System, a landowner dictated the crop and provided the individual with a place to live, as well as seeds and tools, in return for a share of the harvested crop.

12. Tenant Farming The most independent arrangement for both the farmer and landowner. The individual pays rent to the landowner and then was free to choose and manage his own crop- and free to choose where he would live.

13. Ku Klux Klan A white supremacy group that was formed in Tennessee in Clothed in white hoods, and mounted on horse back, theses individuals would roam the countryside terrorizing African Americans.

14. Compromise of 1877 Was an agreement that allowed Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from the South.

15. Rutherford B. Hayes An Ohio republican who ran for presidential election in Was a respected Union general during the war, and while governor of Ohio developed a reputation of being honest and reform minded.

16. Enforcement Acts Made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote. Also known as the KKK Acts

17. Integration An idea suggested by radical Republicans in which, black and white students would attend the same schools.

18. Segregation An Idea that many white southerners who lived in the South supported. The forced separation, often times by race. Placed a huge strain on resources for developing schools, because two schools would have to be built rather than just one.

19. Redeemers Politicians who aimed to repair the South in the eyes of congress. Their strategy was described as being designed to reclaim the South from northern dominance.

20. Civil Rights Act of 1866 This was Congress’s attempt to overturn the Black Codes. Created federal guarantees of the civil rights and superseded and state laws that limited them, but was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson.