Organic Compounds Compounds containing carbon that make up living things

Most of a living thing is water (40-92%) The bulk of the remaining matter is organic compounds and contain carbon

4 Groups of Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates  composed of C, H, and O; in a 1:2:1 ratio (i.e. C 6 H 12 O 6 )  called the sugars  ring shaped molecules

Structural formula of a simple carbohydrate

Abbreviated structural formula

Carbohydrates Can be: monosaccharides disaccharides or polysaccharides

Small monomers bond to form polymers

Polymers can be broken down into monomers

main energy source for all living things (used in cell respiration) short-term energy storage Cellulose makes up plant cell walls Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) make up fiber in the human digestive system

Atoms in carbohydrates are used to make other compounds in the body Glycogen is a carbohydrate made from long chains of glucose; stored in the liver Starch is long chains of carbohydrates made by plants

When carbohydrates are consumed… Bonds between the larger carbohydrate molecules are broken so that simple sugars can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The bloodstream carries the simple sugars to cells throughout the body. Once inside the cells, simple sugars are used as fuel in the process of cellular respiration, releasing energy which is stored as ATP.

Lipids composed of C, H and O (one type contains phosphorus) formed by bonding glycerol and fatty acids (3 fatty acids can bond to a glycerol molecule)

Examples of Lipids wax (covering of plants to prevent evaporation of H 2 O) oil (energy storage in plants; liquids at room temperature)

Examples of Lipids fats (long term energy storage in animals and insulation; solid at room temperature) phospholipids (make up cell membranes)

When fats are consumed…  Molecules are broken down absorbed into the bloodstream.  The glycerol and fatty acid molecules are carried by the blood stream throughout the body.  Once inside the cell, glycerol and fatty acids are stored for later use or used as fuel for cellular respiration if there are no carbohydrates available.

Proteins composed of C, H, O, N and sometimes S there are 20 different types of amino acids that bond in long chains 12 of the amino acids are made by the human body; the rest must be consumed in food

Basic structure of an amino acid

Amino Acids

Proteins are long chains of amino acids

The amino acids make bonds with each other to form a globular shape

Antibody and flu virus

Types of Protein antibodies collagen enzymes contractile proteins found in muscle most hormones (such as insulin) transport proteins in membranes keratin in hair and nails

When proteins are consumed…  Bonds are broken and individual amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream.  The amino acids are carried by the blood stream to cells throughout the body.  Once inside the cell, they are used as raw materials to make all proteins required by the organism.  Proteins are only used as energy AFTER carbohydrates and lipids are used. (Which doesn’t usually happen!)

Nucleic Acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA) makes up the genetics of a cell

Nucleotides

QUIZ TIME!

What are the monomers of proteins? amino acids nucleotides glycerol and fatty acids monosaccharides

DNA & RNA belong to which group of compounds? proteins lipids nucleic acids carbohydrates

What compounds are made from glycerol and fatty acids? proteins lipids nucleic acids polysaccharides

Most organic compounds are which type? carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids