Hebrews.

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The Ancient Hebrews and the Origins of Judaism

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Presentation transcript:

Hebrews

Canaan

Canaan Ancient Home of the Hebrews/Jews

Background Settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River Valley The Hebrew Bible refers to Canaan as the land God promised to the Israelites

Monotheism The belief in one god This was practiced by the Hebrews the first to be monotheistic

Origins of Judaism The monotheism of Abraham became the foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Torah The first five books of the Hebrew Bible Contains the written records and the beliefs of the Jews

Abraham The father of the Jewish people Lived in Mesopotamia Move his family to Canaan Around 1650 BC, his decedents moved to Egypt

Abraham

Hebrew GOD One God No Physical Being First Covenant-Oral Contract Abraham to obey/God Protect

Moses In Egypt, the Hebrews were forced to be slaves Between 1300 and 1200, the Hebrews fled Egypt This is known as the “Exodus”

Exodus Moses led the people out of Egypt according to the Torah He did this because he was commanded by God

Ten Commandments New Covenant This became the basis for the Hebrew law code With this code they believed that by following the commandments God would protect them

Arrival in Canaan Wandered desert for 40 years Settled in Canaan Divided into 12 tribes led by judges-self governing

Women Were not religious officials Expected to raise children Deborah (exception) A judge

Law Religious Code Ten Commandments Rules that regulate social and religious behavior

Geography of Canaan Rocky, arid desert Central Feature- Jordan River

Kingdom of Israel From 1020 to 922 BC, the Hebrews united under three kings Golden Age of Israel

Saul Drove Philistines out of Canaan-reason chosen as leader

David United the Tribes Founded a Dynasty Establish Jerusalem as Capital Extremely popular leader

Solomon Son of David Most powerful Israelite King Established Trade Rebuilt Jerusalem Built Great Temple

Solomon’s Temple

Kingdom Divides Harsh Conditions Heavy Taxes Forced Labor Israel splits after Solomon’s death Israel North/Judah South

Kingdom taken Over In 738 BC the Israelites began to pay tribute to the Assyrians took over the northern Kingdom of Israel

Babylonians Took over Judah The Babylonians destroyed Solomon’s temple and exiled the surviving Hebrews to Babylon

Exile Banished or deported from a land The Hebrews kept studying their Bible About 50 years later they were allowed to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple

Diaspora The scattering of Jewish Communities After the exile, Hebrews spread across the land They spread the teachings of Judaism