1. The Hebrews and Judaism
CHAPTER 2
SECTION 3

2. Key Terms Judaism Torah Abraham Covenant Patriarch Moses Exodus
Diaspora
Monotheism

3. The Early Hebrews Nomadic pastoralists 2000-1500BC in Fertile Crescent
Judaism- laws and requirements of their religion
Later formed the Hebrew and Christian Bible

4. The Early Hebrews The Hebrew Fathers Torah Abraham- shepherd in Ur
The five books of early Hebrew history
Abraham- shepherd in Ur
God told Abraham to leave Mesopotamia
Covenant-promised to lead Abraham to a new land

5. The Early Hebrews Canaan- was the promised land Abraham
Jacob was his grandson
Had 12 sons
Ancestors of the 12 tribes
Jacob called Israel
Became the Israelites

6. The Early Hebrews Patriarch- ancestral father
Israelites and modern Jews Consider
Abraham
His son Isaac
Isaac's son Jacob
Israelites left Canaan for Egypt
lived well
Later became slaves

7. Moses and the Exodus Bitter toil as slaves Moses Born of an Israelite
Raised in Pharaoh's palace
God spoke to him
Went to Pharaoh for release
Pharaoh refused

8. Moses and the Exodus Exodus-Moses lead Israelites out of Egypt
Series of plagues hit Egypt
Exodus-Moses lead Israelites out of Egypt
Proved God loved them
Passover- special meal in the spring
Wandered desert for years

9. Moses and the Exodus Sinai Mountain
God gave Moses the ten commandments
States only God exists
Importance of self control
Israelis made a new covenant
Major influence on Western civilization

10. The Promised Land Israelites wandered the desert for 40 years
Land of milk and honey
Israelites battled to win back Canaan
Now called Israel

11. Kingdom of Israel Settled in scattered communities
Organized by the 12 tribes
Deborah most effective judges said the Bible
Prophets carried the message of faith

12. Saul, David, Solomon 1000BC Philistines attacked
Saul- first king, good fighter
David
Second king
People loved him
Strong king
Israel grew
Jerusalem became the capitol

13. Saul, David, Solomon Solomon Israel reached its height
Praised for his wisdom
Traded with other powers
Became very rich
Built a magnificent temple

14. Division and Conquest After Solomon’s death
Ten tribes formed Israel
Two tribes formed Judah
Israel fell to the Assyrians
Judah to the Chaldeans
Destroyed the temple
Brought thousands of Jews to Babylon
Diaspora-the scattering of the Jews outside Judah

15. Teachings of Judaism Belief in One God Monotheistic
Most ancient world was not
World’s first monotheistic religion

16. Justice and Righteousness
Treating people with kindness
Doing what is right
Emphasis on righteousness
Strong code of ethics
This tradition later carried to Christianity
Judeo-Christian Ethic

17. Obedience to Law Most important laws Mosaic Law Ten commandments
Guides many areas of Jewish life
How and when to worship
Limits the food eaten
How foods are prepared
Today food prepared this way is called kosher

18. Jewish Sacred Texts Most sacred is the Torah Talmud
First part of Hebrew Bible
Early prophets
Writing that contain lessons
Talmud
Written over the centuries
Explains and interprets other texts
Helps Jews stay united